Soaking aqueous ammonia (SAA) pretreatment of corn stover was carried out at three temperatures (30, 50, and 70 oC) and three concentrations of ammonia solution (5, 15, and 25 wt.%). The delignification kinetic model, based on three first-order reactions, was applied to describe the kinetic behavior of lignin removal from corn stover during SAA pretreatment. The first, second, and third terms w...

Orthogonal Cross Cylinder (OCC) is an object created by intersecting the cylinder of Y-axis and the cylinder of the Z-axis. OCC mapping is a new method for effectively mapping the environment. This method eliminates the singularity effect caused in the environment maps and shows an almost even amount of area for the environment occupied by a single texel. The surrounding environment can also be...

Chemical modification of eucalypt lignin was investigated during kraft pulping and chlorine-free bleaching by comparing milled wood lignin, kraft lignin, and pulp enzymatic residual lignins. The syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio (S/G) from analytical pyrolysis slightly changed during pulping and bleaching (S/G, 3-4) but was higher in the kraft lignin. Semiquantitative heteronuclear single quantum corr...

The One Class Classification (OCC) problem is different from the conventional binary/multi-class classification problem in the sense that in OCC, the negative class is either not present or not properly sampled. The problem of classifying positive (or target) cases in the absence of appropriately-characterized negative cases (or outliers) has gained increasing attention in recent years. Researc...

a study was carried out on totally chlorine-free (tcf) bleachability of dimethyl formamide (dmf) treated bagasse pulps exposed to cz-3 and fp 90031-sp strains of white-rot fungus ceriporiopsis subvermispora. this process involved an oxygen and peroxide stage bleaching sequence. the effect of enzymatic stage on bleachability properties was studied and compared with control pulps, processed witho...

Environmental regulations coupled to market pressures have forced the pulp and paper industry to explore alternatives to chlorine based bleaching practices for the production of bleached kraft pulp.Various technologies and bleaching chemicals have been suggested as answers to kraft pulp bleaching concerns, from which oxygen, ozone and peroxides are the leading candidates for chlorine replacemen...