Dr. Frost has no relevant financial conflicts to disclose. C erebral oximetry has been studied for more than 30 years, and has been commercially available to clinicians for more than 2 decades. 1,2 However, whereas pulse oximetry has been a standard of care for decades, only recently has cerebral oximetry been extensively studied and adapted to investigate changes in oxygen delivery to the brai...

Orthodeoxia has been described in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM), but its usefulness in screening children for PAVMs is unknown. We show here that while oximetry is overall lower in children with significant PAVMs, supine and upright oximetry is of no additional diagnostic value indicating that positional oximetry is n...

Pulse oximetry measures the relative concentration of arterial oxygenated hemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin. This paper presents the design of a pulse oximeter, which measures the presence of a third substance, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), by unfiltered LEDs at 660 nm, 810 nm, and 940 nm. Background information is given on the theory of pulse oximetry. Theoretical approximations and calculations w...

pulse oximetry measures the relative concentration of arterial oxygenated hemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin. this paper presents the design of a pulse oximeter, which measures the presence of a third substance, carboxyhemoglobin (hbco), by unfiltered leds at 660 nm, 810 nm, and 940 nm. background information is given on the theory of pulse oximetry. theoretical approximations and calculations w...

Pulse oximetry has become a standard of care in anesthetic, pediatric and neonatal practice (l,2). It measures the per cent saturation of hemoglobin based upon the Beer Lambart's spectrophotometric principle of differential absorption of red and infrared light waves (660 nm and 940 nm, respectively) by the oxyhemoglobin and reduced hemoglobin(3). Pulse oximetry has been recently adopted for con...

The introduction of the OxiMax® Pulse Oximetry System brought Nellcor’s fifth-generation pulse oximetry technology to market and marked a fundamental shift in one of the design tenets of pulse oximeters. In the first four generations of Nellcor® pulse oximetry, beginning with the N-100 Pulse Oximeter introduced in the early 1980s, we focused attention on the hardware and software algorithms tha...

BACKGROUND Lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) is common and underdiagnosed in patients with diabetes mellitus and is associated with higher total mortality. METHODS We compared the accuracy of pulse oximetry, the ankle-brachial index (ABI), and the combination of the two to diagnose LEAD in consecutive outpatients with type 2 diabetes who had no symptoms of LEAD, in a primary care settin...

We report a case of rheumatic heart disease with severe mitral stenosis having cyanosis and low oxygen saturation on pulse oximetry. The findings of clinical examination and low values on pulse oximetry were inconsistent with the findings of normal partial pressure of oxygen and oxygen saturation on arterial blood gas analysis, leading to diagnostic dilemma. In such clinical scenario, the anest...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the development of novel reflectance pulse oximetry sensors for the esophagus and bowel, and presents some of the techniques used to analyze the waveforms acquired with such devices. RECENT FINDINGS There has been much research in recent years to expand the utility of pulse oximetry beyond the simple measurement of arterial oxygen saturation from the fin...

The causes of hypoxaemia in children include the commonest causes of childhood illness: pneumonia and other acute respiratory infections, and neonatal illness, particularly sepsis, low birthweight, birth asphyxia and aspiration syndromes. The systematic use of pulse oximetry to monitor and treat children in resource-poor developing countries, when coupled with a reliable oxygen supply, improves...