Fiber type-specific programs controlled by the transcription factor MEF2 dictate muscle functionality. Here, we show that HDAC4, a potent MEF2 inhibitor, is predominantly localized to the nuclei in fast/glycolytic fibers in contrast to the sarcoplasm in slow/oxidative fibers. The cytoplasmic localization is associated with HDAC4 hyper-phosphorylation in slow/oxidative-fibers. Genetic reprogramm...

The inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation induced fragmentation of mitochondria without any signs of apoptosis in CV-1 and HeLa cells. Prolonged treatment with the uncouplers (alone or in combination with the inhibitors of respiration) caused perinuclear clusterization of mitochondria, followed by their selective elimination. The fraction of mitochondria-depleted cells remained viable.

Athletic conditioning is expected to increase exercise capacity through improved function of cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal tissues. Our finding decreased calculated efficiency skeletal muscle mitochondria in one the premier mammalian athletes suggests that this mandate for may take form sacrificing maximal oxidative phosphorylation minimize exercise-induced damage caused by mitochondrial ...

Cellular energy in the form of ATP can be produced through oxidative phosphorylation and through glycolysis. Since oxidative phosphorylation requires oxygen and generates ATP more efficiently than glycolysis, it has been assumed for many years that the presence or absence of oxygen determines that cel ls generate energy through ox idat ive phosphorylation or through glycolysis. Although cells m...

• Introduction • Electron Flow as Source of ATP Energy • Site of Oxidative Phosphorylation • ATP Synthetase (=F0F1 ATPase) • Electron-Transferring Reactions • Standard OxidationReduction Potential • Electron Carriers • Electron-Transport Complexes • Incomplete Reduction of Oxygen • Mechanisms of Oxidative Phosphorylation • Oxidation of Extramitochondrial NADH • ATP Yield and P : O Ratio • Roles...