We consider kleptoparasitic interactions between two individuals – the Owner and Intruder model situation as a sequential game in an extensive form. The is possession of resource when another individual, Intruder, comes along may try to steal it. If makes such stealing attempt, has decide whether defend resource; if defends, can withdraw or continue with attempt. value differently we distinguis...

There are few quantitative examinations of the extent to which dogs discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar persons. In our study we have investigated whether dogs show differential behaviour towards humans of different degrees of familiarity (owner, familiar person, unfamiliar person). Dogs and humans were observed in eight test situations: (1) Three-way strange situation test, (2) Callin...

Urban rail transit is the construction project under the planning and huge investment of the government. How to effectively conduct investment regulation and control becomes the core question that the government departments are concerned about. In this paper, the relations among government, owner and contractor are studied and the static and dynamic game model is built for behaviors among each ...

Owner-managers of private companies are often highly underdiversified. We investigate the consequences of underdiversification at the company level. Information on US companies and their owner-managers is obtained from the Survey of Consumer Finances and the Survey of Small Business Finances. Underdiversification, measured as the share of the owner-manager’s net worth invested in the company, h...

Ownership is a powerful concept to structure the object store and to control aliasing and modifications of objects. This paper presents an ownership type system for a Javalike programming language with generic types. Like our earlier Universe type system, Generic Universe Types enforce the owner-as-modifier discipline. This discipline does not restrict aliasing, but requires modifications of an...