In order to investigate the effect of in ovo injection of different levels of royal jelly on the hatchability rate and the quality of one-day-old broiler chickens (Ross 308) and some traits of the immune system, we have conducted an experiment using 640 eggs in a completely randomized design with four levels of royal jelly injection including 1) 1 mL of physiological serum (control), 2...

the effects of various routes of probiotic administration on performance, small intestine morphology and serum cholesterol of broiler chickens, were studied. we assigned 225 day old chicks (ross 308) to five experimental groups including control and four hatchery administration methods comprised of in ovo injection, oral gavage, spray application and cloacal inoculation. all of these were chall...

The In-Ovo vaccination was first proved to be efficient for Marek’s vaccine by experiments performed by Sharma and Burmester in 1982. These authors demonstrated that chicks vaccinated In-Ovo at 18 days of embryo development against Marek’s Disease had better protection against virulent MD challenge carried out at 3 days of age as compared to those chicks vaccinated at hatch. At seven days of ag...

The location of injection and vaccine deposition in ovo is known to be critical to the efficacy of Marek's disease (MD) vaccine protection against MD viral challenge. Vaccine deposition into the amniotic sac or a s.c. or i.m. site of the embryo is required for MD vaccine efficacy. Vaccine deposition into the air cell or allantoic fluid results in chicks that are not adequately protected against...

Change in sex ratios for broiler chickens, has many economic benefits of the poultry industry. The gonads in chick embryo at an early stage have the potential to convert to both sexes (male and female). Sexual differentiation is due to aromatase expression in the left gonad in 5-6 days of the embryonic period and the production of estrogen from testosterone. Administration of aromatase inhibito...

Changes in concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and androgenic hormones were measured in turkey embryos incubated in long-term, shell-less culture (ex ovo) and in ovo. Blood samples were obtained from both sets of embryos on Days 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 and from embryos incubated in ovo on Days 24, 26, and 28. Ex ovo and in ovo embryos showed no differences in either hormone within sexes, wit...

Effects of the in ovo injection of commercial diluent supplemented with dextrin or with dextrin in combination with various other carbohydrates on the somatic characteristics and liver nutrient profiles of Ross × Ross 708 broiler embryos and chicks were investigated. Results include information concerning the gluconeogenic energy status of the liver before and after hatch. Eggs containing live ...

Utilization of tightly linked ovo-A vs. ovo-B germline promoters results in the expression of OVO-A and OVO-B, C(2)H(2) transcription factors with different N -termini, and different effects on target gene transcription and on female germline development. We show that two sex-determination signals, the X chromosome number within the germ cells and a female soma, differentially regulate ovo-B an...