In this paper, a broadband circuit model of a potential transformer (PT) based on fractional calculus and circuit augmentation method is proposed to improve the high frequency characteristic while providing physical significance of existing traditional equivalent circuit model with simple structure. In order to reflect the characteristics of the hysteresis of the iron core roundly, a fractional...

We report the first use of cobalt aluminophosphate (CoAPO5) as a water oxidation catalyst. A decrease in the overvoltage by about 0.2 V with respect to catalyst free FTO has been observed. Additionally, we show that CoAPO5, deposited on ITO or Pt, can also act as a photo-electro-catalyst, as it generates enhanced oxidation currents in the presence of light starting from a bias of +0.8 V vs. Ag/...

We describe a coupled experimental-numerical study of the effect of proton irradiation on the inductive turn-off of fastrecovery p-i-n diodes for snubberless applications. The goal is to avoid the large overvoltages and spurious oscillations that may arise at switch-off and jeopardize the diode’s reliability. We evaluated different proton irradiation profiles in order to extract indications on ...

This paper presents the use of curtailment to allow more wind or solar power to be connected to a distribution network when overcurrent or overvoltage set a limit. Four case studies, all based on measurements, are presented. In all cases the hosting capacity method is used to quantify the gain in produced energy for increased levels of distributed renewable energy resources. A distinction is ma...

Ferroresonance is a phenomenon that involves high distorted levels of overvoltage and overcurrents. During the last decades, the three-phase ferroresonance research has suffered several changes due to the continuously changing equipment and network. This paper analyses every main factor that is somehow related with the origin, consequences and the preventive decisions that may lead us to avoid ...

Design of a 3.3V comaptible 2.5V TTL-toCMOS bidirectional I/O buffer is proposed. Gate oxide protectiom was implemented without active voltage degradation, which reduces static and dynamic current levels and improves noise immunity for the low voltage circuit of this kind. Fast removal of stored charge further improve gate oxide protection and circuit recovery from overvoltage condition. Circui...

a unique high frequency transient overvoltage surge suppressor for the protection of motors and transformers from steep wave-front, short rise-time, high magnitude, spikes, surges and other transient voltages, generated by switching, lightning and other sources. The protective characteristics of ZORC: Eliminates inter-turn insulation failures Extends the life of machine insulation Eliminates mu...

During the past years, governments throughout the world have been encouraging the installation of renewable energy systems to cope with environmental goals. In this framework, there has been a significant increase in the number of energy producers on the consumers’side, majorly due to photovoltaic and wind energy microgeneration.This has brought some concerns in voltage control on buses far awa...

Lightning-induced voltages are one of the main causes shutdown in distribution lines. In this work, attention is focused on effects wideband modeling electric grounding overvoltage calculation along insulator strings due to indirect lightning strikes. This study done directly time-domain with being represented an equivalent circuit accounting for its dynamics. Results show that adoption commonl...