Life time smoking of ready made cigarettes can be readily quantified as "pack years" smoked, but methods for measuring loose tobacco use are less well established. In this study the frequency of loose tobacco use by 247 hospital in-patients was determined; 64% were current or ex-smokers, 41.3% of whom (25.9% of participants) had smoked loose tobacco. A formula was developed for converting loose...

Self-reported dietary assessment methods can be challenging to validate, and reporting errors for those with lower health literacy (HL) may be augmented. Interactive multimedia (IMM) based questionnaires could help overcome these limitations. The objectives of this investigation are to assess the comparative validity and sensitivity to change of an IMM beverage intake questionnaire (IMM-BEVQ) a...

patient semi-comatose. Lockjaw present. Back muscles moderately stiff. No convulsions. Very slight perspiration Pupils?equal, slightly dilated. Temperature subnormal. Respiration?27 per minute. Pulse?100, regular, weak. No history of any injury except that on the day before the patient picked her teeth with a dirty piece of thin, split bamboo and there was about half an ounce of blood from blee...

shivering or vomiting, but with headache, giddiness, pain in the loins, and purging. On the morning of his admission his temperature was 101? ; pulse 108. The fever had continued all night, and he was looking weak and pulled-down ; tongue tremulous, covered with a white paste, and inclined to be dry. Ordered one ounce of the diaphoretic mixture, with two grains of quinine, thrice daily. The fev...

The concept of lethality is essential to the assessment of suicide risk; yet operational definitions of lethality for purposes of its measurement have been loose and varied. A number of scaling measures have been published in the literature, with no relative consensus on the best of these. In addition, only a few of these scales have published data on their psychometric properties. Of these, we...

To the Editor, The Indian Medical Gazette. Sir,?With reference to an enquiry regarding ' Phenolaine' in the July number of the Indian Medical Gazette, I have to inform you that the drug is a powerful liquid local anaesthetic, and can be employed in operative work of every description. It can be had from Messrs. W. Martindale, 10, New Cavendish Street, London, W. in 1 dr. and 1 oz. bottles. ?You...

INthe midst of the drug controversy in the United States at this time stands the first report of the National Commission on Marihuana."0 The media, prominent politicians, educators, and religious leaders have interpreted this report as conveying the sense that marihuana is harmless. Careful reading of this i84-page summary, which I shall heretofore refer to as the report, clearly indicates that...

Knowing the chemical composition of a substance provides valuable information about it. That is why numerous techniques have been developed to try obtain One them Near Infrared Spectrometry technique, non-destructive technique that analyzes electromagnetic spectrum in search waves certain length. The aim this project combine technology with machine learning detect presence milk, as well level c...

A growing number of companies are considering whether they can reduce overall medical costs by improving drug compliance through value-based pharmacy benefit designs. Value-based designs either provide more generous coverage for certain clinically proven drugs, or change cost-sharing or copayment levels for drugs used to treat the employee population's most widespread and costly chronic medical...