background the phrase “minimally invasive” is used loosely due to the wide range of surgical options and generally means a procedure not involving a large open incision. in 1998, dr. paolo miccoli at the university of pisa developed a technique of minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (mivat) for patients presenting with small thyroid nodules. the procedure involves a smaller incision...

background many factors effect on management (surgical and nonsurgical) of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (ais). objectives the purpose of this study was evaluation of the effects of generalized ligamentous laxity (gll) on surgical treatment of ais. materials and methods 72 patients with ais were studied between 2002 and 2009. 24 cases (33.4%) were placed in group a (normal) while 48 patients ...

background: hypoalbuminemia may be caused by liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, burns, protein-losing entropathy, malnutrition, and metabolic stress. alterations in albumin in metabolic stress such as cardiac surgery have been previously investigated. we studied serum albumin concentration in children with congenital heart disease and also the association of hypoalbuminemia with mortality and m...

In the UK, stapes surgery is performed almost universally under general anaesthesia. In 1984 there was consensus that local anaesthesia should be the technique of choice in stapes surgery. Despite reports of successful use of local anaesthesia for middle ear surgery, this is still not widely accepted practice in the UK. We describe the senior author's technique for local anaesthetic stapes sur...

THERE are many occasions when a clinician may wish to 1 test the hearing of a patient to confirm that an impairment is present. There are several ways that this might be done but perhaps the easiest and most relevant is to use free-field voice testing. Voice testing of hearing was the standard method of assessing a person's ability to hear until pure-tone audiometers became widely available in ...

In a double-blind, randomized study, we have compared the efficacy of transdermal hyoscine in the prevention of nausea and vomiting with placebo in 60 young, ASA I-II patients after middle ear surgery during general anaesthesia. In the placebo group, 27% and 43% of patients suffered from nausea and vomiting, respectively, during the first 24 h after anaesthesia. The corresponding values for bot...

DURING the past ten years there have been major advances in E.N.T. practice, particularly in the treatment of ear disease. Regretably, we have often failed to communicate these advances to our colleagues, particularly those in general practice. It is hoped to remedy this omission, at least in part, and so describe treatment now available to hard of hearing patients-available not just in London ...

We describe a strategy for collecting experimental data and validating a bone-burr haptic contact model developed in a virtual surgical training system for middle ear surgery. The validation strategy is based on the analysis of data acquired during virtual and real burring sessions. Our approach involves intensive testing of the surgical simulator by expert surgeons and trainees as well as expe...

Cauliflower ear is a serious deformity of the auricle induced by single or repeated injury to the external ear. Few papers deal with surgical techniques for correcting this deformity. We describe the use of ipsilateral excess cartilage to restore the helical rim.