The advantages of freeze-drying are obvious. It is a convenient method for the preservation and long-term storage of a wide variety of microorganisms. However, special precautions are needed for the preservation of microorganisms sensitive to desication, light, oxygen, osmotic pressure, surface tension and other factors. During several years of experimentation I have developed various new metho...

Drying is one of the processes that present higher costs in food processing. Pre-treatments are often used to reduce drying time and consequently its cost. In the past years, our group has studied the use of ultrasonic pre-treatments to induce structural changes in the fruit tissue as to improve the effective water diffusivity during air-drying and consequently reduce air-drying time. This stud...

In this study, several factors affecting Tetragenococcus halophilus CH6-2 cell survival rate in spray drying process including growth conditions, protective agents, and stress adaption were investigated. T. CH6-2, which was grown different media, mixed with agents or at ratios of concentration to subjected before drying. The after storage determined. results showed that skim milk had the strong...

Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) osmotic drying set of tests was conducted under controlled condition in laboratory. Current mean values of samples moisture content were obtained by measurement equipment and were used as data base for further statistical analysis. ANOVA statistical analysis proved that solution temperature and concentration are infl uential factors of osmotic drying. Empirical equati...

Plant water status, leaf tissue pressure-volume relationships, and photosynthetic gas exchange were monitored in five coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cultivars growing in drying soil in the field. There were large differences among cultivars in the rates at which leaf water potential (Psi(L)) and gas exchange activity declined when irrigation was discontinued. Pressure-volume curve analysis indicate...

We present the results from a small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study of lateral drying in thin films. The films, initially 10 μm thick, are cast by dip-coating a mica sheet in an aqueous silica dispersion (particle radius 8 nm, volume fraction ϕ(s) = 0.14). During evaporation, a drying front sweeps across the film. An X-ray beam is focused on a selected spot of the film, and SAXS patterns ar...

Akin type (asymmetric) reverse osmosis membranes undergo an irreversible osmotic dehydration upon coming into contact (skin side) with salt solutions. The extent of consequent changes (in appearance; decrease in linear dimension, water flux and salt rejection) are dependent on the salt concentration. These observations are correlated with the expected morphological changes taking place duri...