Many health studies use aggregate data such as the means or totals for areal units or zones when individual level data are not available. An ecological analysis using these data typically produces estimates that differ from those obtained using the corresponding individual level analysis. This is due to the modifiable area unit problem (MAUP) whereby the results of the analysis depend on the sc...

Chemical oscillating patterns are ubiquitous in geochemical systems. Although many such patterns result from systematic variations in the external environmental conditions, it is recognized that some patterns are due to intrinsic self-organized processes in a non-equilibrium nonlinear system with positive feedback. In rocks and minerals, periodic precipitation (Liesegang bands) and oscillatory ...

Dynamic zoning (systematic alteration in the spatial and temporal allocation of even-aged forest management practices) has been proposed as a means to change the spatial pattern of timber harvest across a landscape to maximize forest interior habitat while holding timber harvest levels constant. Simulation studies have established that dynamic zoning strategies produce larger tracts of interior...

Monazite in a granite pegmatite from Yamanoo, Sakuragawa, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan has been examined terms of U, Th, Pb, and rare earth element (REE) chemistry by electron microprobe analysis. This occurs as lenticular vein the Kabasan granitic body. Oscillatory sector zoning were observed back-scattered images. An averaged empirical formula was (Ce0.286Nd0.180Sm0.104La0.077Y0.069Pr0.041Gd0.06...

This paper discusses the use of multi objective evolutionary algorithms applied to the engineering of zoning for handwriten recognition. Usually a task fulfilled by an human expert, zoning design relies on specific domain knowledge and a trial and error process to select an adequate design. Our proposed approach to automatically define the zone design was tested and was able to define zoning st...

The key issue in this paper is the appropriateness and equity of land-use planning mechanisms, and any associated cross-subsidization, as a means of enhancing the supply of affordable housing. The paper will examine the principles of ‘affordable housing through planning’ in England and it will comment on ‘inclusionary zoning’ as a means to promote affordable housing in the USA. The ways in whic...

Content zoning can be understood as a segmentation of textual documents into zones. This is inspired by [6] who initially proposed an approach for the argumentative zoning of textual documents. With the prototypical Cozo+ engine, we focus on content zoning towards an automatic processing of textual streams while considering only the actors as the zones. We gain information that can be used to r...

Zoning eco-protected areas is important for ecological conservation and environmental management. Rapid and continuous urban expansion, however, may exert negative effects on the performance of practical zoning designs. Various methods have been developed for protected area zoning, but most of them failed to consider the conflicts between urban development (for the benefit of land developers) a...

There are many approaches to model an elevator routing system. In this paper, I shortly describe some literature, wherein different manners to model the routing system are presented. A simulation approach, dynamic programming and polling systems are used to model the routing system. In the simulation approach zoning is often used. Zoning means that the floors are split into a number of zones, e...

Zoning documents increases the resolution of indexing from the image level to the field level. A line-delimited tabular document forms a well defined series of regions. However, as image quality decreases, accurate zoning becomes increasingly difficult. Given a sequence of documents with the same layout, we present a robust zoning method which exploits both intraand inter-document consensus to ...