A fluorescent probe based on bovine serum albumin stabilized copper nanoclusters (BSA-CuNCs) was developed for the selective and sensitive determination of ornidazole (ORN). The were synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal process in basic media. characterized BSA-CuNCs have less than 3 nm particle size exhibited blue emission at 405 when excited 325 nm. Synthesized successfully applied as turn-...

BACKGROUND L-ornithine (L-Orn), is an intermediate metabolite in the urea cycle that plays a significant role in humans. L-Orn can be obtained from the catalysis of L-arginine (L-Arg) by arginase. The Pichia pastoris expression system offers the possibility of generating a large amount of recombinant protein. The immobilized enzyme technology can overcome the difficulties in recovery, recycling...

The sense of smell is perceived by olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) present in the olfactory epithelium located in the posterosuperior aspect of the nasal cavity. The axons of these ORN migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB), forming a nervous layer on the outermost part of the bulb, and finally synapse in glomerular structures in the OB. The ORN are unique in that they are constantly being renewed...

Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect in the mitochondrial ornithine transporter, leading to accumulation of ornithine (Orn), homocitrulline (Hcit) and ammonia. Progressive neurological regression whose pathogenesis is not well established is common in this disease. The present work investigated the in vivo effect...

Neural circuit assembly requires selection of specific cell fates, axonal trajectories, and synaptic targets. By analyzing the function of a secreted semaphorin, Sema-2b, in Drosophila olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) development, we identified multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms that link these events. Notch signaling limits Sema-2b expression to ventromedial ORN classes, within which Se...

Our understanding of the mechanisms that establish wiring specificity of complex neural circuits is far from complete. During Drosophila olfactory circuit assembly, axons of 50 olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes and dendrites of 50 projection neuron (PN) classes precisely target to 50 discrete glomeruli, forming parallel information-processing pathways. Here we show that Toll-6 and Toll-7,...

BACKGROUND Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the temporal bone is a complication of radiation therapy that is extremely challenging to manage. METHODS We report the case of a patient treated at our institution and present a review of the literature. RESULTS A 52-year-old woman presented with ORN of the temporal bone 20 years after radiation therapy for an ipsilateral parotid tumor. She failed con...

Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) undergo caspase-mediated retrograde apoptosis after target removal (bulbectomy), in which axonal caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation leads to terminal apoptosis in ORN soma of the olfactory epithelium. Here, we show that caspase-8 can act as an initiator of ORN apoptosis after bulbectomy and also after synaptic instability is induced by NMDA-mediated excitotoxic...

Sensory neuron diversity is required for organisms to decipher complex environmental cues. In Drosophila, the olfactory environment is detected by 50 different olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes that are clustered in combinations within distinct sensilla subtypes. Each sensilla subtype houses stereotypically clustered 1-4 ORN identities that arise through asymmetric divisions from a single...

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN), a pathological condition characterized by nonvital bone occurring in the site of radiation injury, is one significant risks following extraction highly impacted third molar teeth patients treated with head & neck radiotherapy for oral cancer. Therefore, surgery’s meticulous planning essential to avoid such complications. This case report describes 63-year-old male ...