Readers generate situation models representing described events, but the nature of these representations may differ depending on the reading goals. We assessed whether instructions to pay attention to different situational dimensions affect how individuals structure their situation models (Exp. 1) and how they update these models when situations change (Exp. 2). In Experiment 1, participants re...

The subject of the article is to determine degree scientific and technical text connectedness using statistical calculations. aim investigation study possibilities coherence fluctuations in relative frequencies keywords paragraphs lexical thematic unity texts. task develop a method for determining at set level; test developed methods on collection documents. used are analysis computational expe...

Our purpose is to propose and discuss the latest version of an integrated method for dialogue analysis, annotation and evaluation., using a set of different pragmatic parameters. The annotation scheme Pr.A.Ti.D was built up on task-oriented dialogues. Dialogues are part of the CLIPS corpus of spoken Italian, which consists of spoken material stratified as regard as the diatopic variation. A des...

Do Chinese speakers think about time vertically because they use vertical spatial metaphors to express time? Inconsistent findings have been reported even when the same paradigms were used. The present study examined participants’ performance on a temporal judgment task while holding language constant but varying their lifetime and immediate reading experience of horizontal and vertical texts. ...

     This study focuses on the effect of user-friendly, impersonal, and hybrid texts on the reading comprehension ability of Iranian foreign language learners. Forty-five students of AlzahraUniversity were selected on the basis of their performance in a recent TOEFL. They were given three different texts (each group of 15 students was given one type) describing the same area of English usage, w...

In many questions in Community Question Answering sites users look for the advice or opinion of other users who might offer diverse perspectives on a topic at hand. The novel task we address is providing supportive evidence for human answers to such questions, which will potentially help the asker in choosing answers that fit her needs. We present a support retrieval model that ranks sentences ...

Traditional information retrieval models assume keyword-based queries and use unstructured document representations. There is an abundance of event-centered texts (e.g., breaking news) and event-oriented information needs that often involve structure that cannot be expressed using keywords. We present a novel retrieval model that uses a structured event-based representation. We structure querie...