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This article examines how the US, Russia and China have promoted expanded rent extraction in Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan. While global powers articulated competing discourses strategies on economic development region, they largely achieved similar outcomes of rentierism. In ‘free market’ agenda Washington Consensus has co-existed with China's Belt Road Initiative (BRI) Russia-led Eurasian Economic Un...

Given China’s geographic proximity, dynamic economy, and policy emphasis on promoting trade, it should be no surprise that its economic role in Central Asia has expanded dramatically since 1991. With continued economic growth and expansion of transportation links, China’s influence will continue to expand. Important questions remain, however, as to how far China’s influence in Central Asia migh...

This paper tries to address the impact of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Central Asian security. This organization was established on April 26, 1996 to settle security and territorial disputes between China and Russia and Central Asian countries (other than Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan). After the accession of Uzbekistan to this assembly, the level of the organization was promoted, and...

This paper tries to address the impact of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization on Central Asian security. This organization was established on April 26, 1996 to settle security and territorial disputes between China and Russia and Central Asian countries (other than Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan). After the accession of Uzbekistan to this assembly, the level of the organization was promoted, and...

the millennium development goals (mdgs) are eight international development goals and 21 targets that all countries have agreed to achieve by the year 2015. central asian countries have shown uneven progress in achieving these goals. this paper conducts a comparative study of the impact of economic integration of the regional countries into the world economy on uneven progress of central asian ...