Organophosphates are mainly used as pesticides to protect crops from pests. Because organophosphate pesticides’ use has expanded dramatically worldwide, accurate monitoring of their concentrations in the environment and food become utmost importance. Once considered acutely toxic due acetylcholinesterase inhibition, nowadays organophosphates classified extremely dangerous compounds, with a broa...

Organophosphates (OPs) have successful properties that means they have been widely used as flame retardants and pesticides. However, their neurotoxic properties have also been long acknowledged and used in more sinister applications such as nerve gases (1). Hundreds of thousands victims have been affected by organophosphates over the last 150 years. This has occurred since its early uses in the...

Because many of the organophosphates used as anticholinesterases are insoluble in water, it is usual to dissolve them in water-miscible organic solvents in order to study their inhibition of the enzyme both in v&o and in vivo. Ethanol is commonly used for this purpose (1, 2), and, because it is an inhibitor of the enzyme, the control samples are treated with a similar level of the solvent. The ...

OBJECTIVES An epidemiological study of 90 male pesticide applicators licensed in New York was conducted to investigate the effect of exposure to organophosphate pesticides on the peripheral nervous system. METHODS A cohort of farmers and pesticide applicators from New York State were questioned off season (November 1988-February 1989) and again during the spraying season (April 1989-August 19...

background: agriculture is an important sector for the malaysian economy. the use of pesticides in agriculture is crucial due to its function in keeping the crops from harmful insects. children living near agricultural fields are at risk of pesticide poisoning. objective: to evaluate the genotoxic risk among children who exposed to pesticides and measure dna damage due to pesticides exposure. m...

Organophosphates such as methamidophos, usually used in the agricultural field, have harmful effects on humans. Exposures to insecticides has been associated with many disorders, including damage to the central and peripheral nervous system. Chronic exposure to organophosphates may lead to persistent neurological and neurobehavioral effects. This study was conducted to determine the effect of m...

Organophosphates are powerful inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, which is critical to nerve function. Despite continuous research for detecting the highly toxic organophosphates, a new and improved methodology is still needed. Herein we demonstrate simple-to-fabricate chemiresistive gas sensors using conducting-polymer polypyrrole (PPy) nanotube transducers, which are chemically specific and c...

Phosphylated butyrylcholinesterase is one of the most important biomarkers to verify an exposure to nerve agents, and it can be analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) by detection of a phosphylated nonapeptide that results after digestion of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) with pepsin. For a sensitive analysis (low degree of BuChE inhibition), the identity of the ...

BACKGROUND The present study was designed to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of four different classes of insecticides: pyrethroids, organophosphates, phenyl-pyrazoles and neo-nicotenoids. One representative chemical from each class was selected to compare the toxicity: deltamethrin from pyrethroids, Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) from organophosphates, fipronil from phenyl-pyraz...