We model an organization as a hierarchy of managers erected on top of a technology (here consisting of a collection of plants). In our framework, the role of a manager is to take steps to reduce the adverse consequences of shocks that affect the plants beneath him. We argue that different organizational forms give rise to different information about managers' performance and therefore differ ac...

This paper studies stock and mutual life insurance company formations in the first half of the 20th century. A common belief is that the growth of state consumer protection regulation rendered the mutual form irrelevant, but the paper finds little evidence connecting such regulation with declines in the form’s popularity. The exception is the initial capital requirement. Mutuals were formed alm...

This paper revisits the hypothesis that nonprofit organizations emerge in markets that are characterized by contractual incompleteness because they ensure consumers against opportunistic behavior. We extend the Glaeser and Shleifer (2001) framework which studies an entrepreneur’s optimal choice of organizational form and service quality when quality is noncontractible into a repeated interactio...

This paper introduces the term organizational shunning to describe a form of psychological violence against employees. Well established psychological and sociological theories are used to develop propositions regarding organizational shunning and to set a prospective research agenda. In this theory building exercise, an organizational taboo is exposed, and implications are discussed for improve...

It is commonplace for firms to collaborate with others to gain access to technological components for innovation. This paper examines the choice of organizational form for such activities: when should a firm hire a technological expert as a temporary employee, transact through consulting spot markets, or engage in a long-term employment or supply relationship with the expert? Property rights th...

This paper investigates institutional changes in the Dutch accounting industry during the period 1925-1990. While all firms were composed of partners only before 1925, some among them began to partition professional accountants into partners and associates (PAform) and the PA-form became a dominant form. We suggest that the institutional change was the result of an interaction between selection...

Debate about the effects of permitting U.S. commercial banks to expand their range of activities has intensified in recent years. Opponents worry that banks, with access to a federal safety net, will use any new opportunities to take greater risks and increase their likelihood of failure at possible cost to the FDIC and taxpayers. Opponents also fear that the safety net might give banks a compe...

this study is paid examined the combined role of organizational intelligence and organizational development on organizational performance. this research is for relationship between variables, correlation, and methodology, survey research. to measure the research, the conceptual model was designed based on the literature. sample study is 85 companies of shahid salimi industrial town of tabriz th...