nowadays, thousands tons of chemicals material are used to increase agricultural production that provides a risky situation for the communities. recently, biological or organic agriculture is considered to get rid of such problems. but this style of agriculture is facing with many difficulties and challenges. this study was performed in three phases by using delphi method. in this regard, the s...

Agroecosystem nitrogen (N) loss produces greenhouse gases, induces eutrophication, and is costly for farmers; therefore, conservation agricultural management practices aimed at reducing N loss are increasingly adopted. However, the ecosystem consequences of these practices have not been well-studied. We quantified N loss via leaching, NH3 volatilization, N2O emissions, and N retention in plant ...

White (Lohmann LSL) and Brown (ATAK-S) laying hens, were reared under organic and conventional cage rearing systems, and the effects of the rearing system on performance parameters, egg production, egg characteristics, and immune response were investigated. For this purpose, a total of 832 laying hens of two commercial hybrids, i.e., 416 white (Lohmann LSL) and 416 Brown (ATAK-S) layers, were u...

Occurrence of culturable Fungi and Oomycota in root-soil habitat of potato cv. Owacja in organic and integrated production systems at Osiny (northern Poland) was compared in 2008–2010. The densities of both pathogens were significantly greater in the organic system. The eudominant fungal taxa (with frequency > 10% in at least one habitat) included species of Fusarium + Gibberella + Haematonectr...

realizing that there is no specific market for organic products in iran, in this study it is tried to estimate the costs involved in organic productions by means of contingent valuation method and through willingness-to-pay estimation approach. towards this end 219 and 209 double-bounded dichotomous questionnaires were developed (for cucumber in tehran province and for vegetables in gilan provi...

to study effect of fe and zn spraying on some characteristics of mungbean, an experiment was designed as factorial based on randomized complete block with three replications in urmia university, 2012. treatments were nutrition systems (organic, chemical, integrated and no nutrition) and micronutrients (fe, zinc, no foliar application and water spraying). the plant height, pod length, number of ...