Many satellite RNAs (sat-RNAs) can attenuate or intensify the symptoms produced by their helper virus. Sat-RNA C, associated with turnip crinkle virus (TCV), was previously found to intensify the symptoms of TCV on all plants in which TCV produced visible symptoms. However, when the coat protein open reading frame (ORF) of TCV was precisely exchanged with that of cardamine chlorotic fleck virus...

The genomic RNA of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolate from the U.S.A., VR 2385 (ATCC), was copied into cDNA after priming with oligo(dT) and cloned into phage lambda. The cDNA clones representing the 3'-terminal genomic RNA of the virus were isolated and sequenced. The genome is a positive-stranded, polyadenylated RNA with an estimated size of 15 kb. Analysis ...

We report the discovery of a new virus from the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) represents the third virus discovered from this ant species using the metagenomics approach. The single (positive)-strand RNA, monopartite, bicistronic genome of SINV-3 was sequenced in entirety (GenBank accession number FJ528584), comprised of 10,386 nucleotides, and p...

Complementary DNA clones representing approximately 6100 nucleotides of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) were generated, restriction-mapped, and partially sequenced. Within one of the cDNA clones an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 23K protein was identified and further characterized. Amino acid sequence comparison of this protein showed significant homology (47.1%) with the barley yellow dwarf ...

The ascomycete Botrytis porri causes clove rot and leaf blight of garlic worldwide. We report here the biological and molecular features of a novel bipartite double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus named Botrytis porri RNA virus 1 (BpRV1) from the hypovirulent strain GarlicBc-72 of B. porri. The BpRV1 genome comprises two dsRNAs, dsRNA-1 (6,215 bp) and dsRNA-2 (5,879 bp), which share sequence ide...

Negative-stranded virion RNA and oligonucleotide primers complementary to fusion (F) protein gene sequences were used to generate cDNA clones, revealing that the gene 5'-proximal to the F protein corresponded to the M2 (22K) gene, as in respiratory syncytial (RS) virus. The transcription start signal, GGGACAAGU, was identical to that of the F and matrix (M) proteins of turkey rhinotracheitis vi...

We have previously demonstrated that two distinct transcripts are produced from ORF 50, the major transcriptional activating gene of herpesvirus saimiri. The products of these transcripts trans-activate the delayed-early ORF 6 promoter, though to different degrees. Deletion analysis demonstrated that the ORF 50 responsive elements are contained in a 132 bp fragment situated 127-259 bp from the ...

The first open reading frame (ORF 1) of potato virus X (PVX) encodes a putative replicase gene. Transgenic tobacco lines expressing ORF 1 are resistant to PVX infection when inoculated with either PVX or PVX RNA. Analyses of lines containing various portions of the ORF 1 gene demonstrated that resistance is conferred to plants by expressing approximately the first half of the ORF 1 gene. One li...

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the causative agent of three malignancies associated with AIDS and immunosuppression. Tumor cells harbor latent virus and express kaposin (open reading frame [ORF] K12), v-FLIP (ORF 71), v-Cyclin (ORF 72), and latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA; ORF 73). ORFs 71 to 73 are transcribed as multicistronic RNAs initiating from adjacent constitu...