Orexin-A (a glucose-sensing neuropeptide in the hypothalamus) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; a member of the neurotrophin family) play roles in many physiologic functions, including regulation of glucose metabolism. We previously showed that the development of postischemic glucose intolerance is one of the triggers of ischemic neuronal damage. The aim of this study was to determin...

Orexin A and B are multifunctional neuropeptides that are involved in the regulation of food intake, energy metabolism, glucose regulation and wakefulness. They signal through two G-protein‑coupled receptors (GPCR): orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) and orexin receptor 2 (OX2R). Previous studies have shown that orexins interact with PI3K/AKT signaling pathways through OX1R-coupling in other cell types, ...

Orexins A and B (ORA and ORB) are neuropeptide hormones found throughout the central nervous system and periphery. They are required for a host of physiological processes including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulation, steroidogenesis, appetite control and energy regulation. While some signalling mechanisms have been proposed for individual recombinant orexin receptors in generic ...

The orexin/hypocretin system has recently been implicated in reward-processing and addiction. We examined the involvement of the orexin system in cue-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking by administering the orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 (SB) or the orexin 2 receptor antagonist 4-pyridylmethyl (S)-tert-leucyl 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (4PT) prior to ...

The hypothalamic orexin (hypocretin) neuropeptides are associated with the regulation of sleep and feeding, and disturbances in orexinergic neurotransmission lead to a narcoleptic phenotype. Histamine has also been shown to play a role in the regulation of sleep and feeding. Therefore, we studied the relationship between the orexin and histamine systems of the CNS using electrophysiology, immun...

Purpose The neuropeptides orexin-A and orexin-B are widely expressed in the vertebrate retina; however, their role in visual function is unclear. This study investigates whether and how orexins modulate signal transmission to dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs) from both outer retinal photoreceptors (rods and cones) and inner retinal photoreceptors (melanopsin-expressing intrinsically photosensi...