Numerous studies have demonstrated the ability of orexin-A to regulate adrenocortical cells through the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. In the present study, human H295R adrenocortical cells were exposed to orexin‑A (10‑10-10‑6 M), with orexin receptor type 1 (OX1 receptor) antagonist SB334867 or AKT antagonist PF‑04691502. It was found that orexin‑A stimulated H295R cell pr...

Introduction: Epilepsy is a neural disorder in which abnormal plastic changes during short and long term periods lead to increased excitability of brain tissue. Kindling is an animal model of epileptogenesis which results in changes of synaptic plasticity due to repetitive electrical or chemical sub-convulsive stimulations of the brain. Lateral hypothalamus, as the main niche of orexin neurons ...

The orexin/hypocretin peptide signaling system plays a neuromodulatory role in motivation and stress; two critical components of depression. Although work has been done to identify links between orexin and depression, few specific neuroanatomical associations have been made. These studies have not investigated the relationship between orexin and orexin receptor expression in specific brain regi...

The level of wakefulness is one of the major factors affecting nociception and pain. Stress-induced analgesia supports an animal's survival via prompt defensive responses against predators or competitors. Previous studies have shown the pharmacological effects of orexin peptides on analgesia. However, orexin neurons contain not only orexin but also other co-transmitters such as dynorphin, neuro...

objective: orexin is a hypothalamic orexigenic neuropeptide, which third cerebral injection of it mainly exerts inhibitory effects on reproductive functions. it increases significantly the aromatase (cyp19) gene expression in the hypothalamus of male rats. aromatase is an enzyme which converts androgens to estradiol in the hypothalamus of rats. prenatal or neonatal exposure of females to testos...

STUDY OBJECTIVE Orexin-A is hypothesized to promote wakefulness, and we examined whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) orexin-A levels are higher during the waking period in man. DESIGN Within-subjects, repeated-measures design with balanced ordering of sampling at approximately 5 AM and 5 PM. PARTICIPANTS Eight healthy young males. MESUREMENTS: CSF orexin-A levels and standard polysomnography....

BACKGROUND Steroid-induced sleep disturbance is a common and highly distressing morbidity for children receiving steroid chemotherapy for the treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Sleep disturbance can negatively impact overall quality of life, neurodevelopment, memory consolidation, and wound healing. Hypothalamic orexin neurons are influential wake-promoting neurons, and ...

Orexin-A and orexin-B are neuropeptides originally identified as endogenous ligands for two orphan G-protein-coupled receptors. Orexin neuropeptides (also known as hypocretins) are produced by a small group of neurons in the lateral hypothalamic and perifornical areas, a region classically implicated in the control of mammalian feeding behavior. Orexin neurons project throughout the central ner...

Hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons have been initially conceptualized as slow, modulatory controllers of behavior. Furthermore, their behavioral effects assumed to be a secondary consequence impact on arousal. However, cellular-resolution calcium imaging and optogenetic studies show that orexin regulate self-generated sensory-evoked movement rapid, subsecond timescales. Orexin cell activity...