We examine the effect of co-opted boards on corporate misconduct and document a significant positive relationship. Utilising large sample public U.S. companies from period 2001 to 2015, we find that one standard deviation increase in proportion directors board leads 4.3% rise misconduct. This outcome is robust series sensitivity tests continues hold after accounting for potential endogeneity co...

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background: in the majority of countries, active direct euthanasia is a forbidden way of the deprivation of the patients’ life, while its passive form is commonly accepted. this distinction between active and passive euthanasia has no justification, viewed through the prism of morality and ethics. therefore, we focused on attention on the moral and ethical implications of the aforementioned med...

background: ramadan fasting for pregnant women with diabetes remains controversial and underreported. the objective of this study was to determine the glycemic control in pregnant diabetic women on insulin who fasted during ramadan. methods: this was a retrospective study carried out over a period of three years including pregnant diabetic women, who were on short-acting, intermediate-acting, o...

Recent research supports the view that changes in gene regulation, as opposed to changes in the genes themselves, play a significant role in morphological evolution. Gene regulation is largely dependent on transcription factor binding sites. Researchers are now able to use the available 29 mammalian genomes to measure selective constraint at the level of binding sites. This detailed map of cons...

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY Few data are available regarding patients' perceptions of new cholecystectomy (CC) techniques, in the context of the patients' risk behaviours. We investigated patients' preferences for transgastric pure natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES; transgastric NCC) and rigid-hybrid transvaginal NOTES CC (tvNCC) compared with the standard laparoscopic CC (SL-CC)...

Reconstituted antiviral defense pathway in surrogate host yeast is used as an intracellular probe to further our understanding of virus-host interactions and the role of co-opted host factors in formation of membrane-bound viral replicase complexes in protection of the viral RNA against ribonucleases. The inhibitory effect of the RNA interference (RNAi) machinery of S. castellii, which only con...