BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) characterizes multiple sclerosis (MS) tissue injury, although it has remained unproven whether DTI changes in disease have functional consequences. The medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) is a key brainstem pathway for ocular adduction and is commonly injured in patients with MS, typically resulting in internuclear ophthalmoparesis. OBJECTIVE To vali...

Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare disease mainly affecting the central nervous system due to the abnormalities of mitochondrial energy generation and seen in early childhood with progressive loss of movement, mental abilities, seizures, nystagmus, ophthalmoparesis, optic atrophy, ataxia, dystonia, or respiratory failure. Anesthesia and surgery exacerbate the risks of aspiration, wheezing, and breat...

Received 4 July 2010. Received in final form 18 January 2011. Accepted 25 January 2011. A 5-year-old boy was admitted with history of fever, nausea, vomiting and somnolence which had started two days after H1N1 influenza vaccination. Neurological examination showed mild gait ataxia, vertical ophthalmoparesis and brisk deep tendon reflexes. Brain MRI revealed right frontal and bilateral thalamic...

Our objective was to describe vestibular abnormalities in patients with relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis. Thirty patients (6 men and 24 women) between 27 and 64 years of age underwent neurological and otolaryngological examinations, complete anamnesis, and electronystagmography. Patients with psychological or oculomotor paresis (or both), internuclear ophthalmoparesis, severe visual d...

We present a boy of eight years of age with symptoms of Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) characterised by ophthalmoparesis, palpebral ptosis, mitochondrial myopathy, pigmentous retinitis, associated to short stature, cerebellar signs, cardiac blockade, diabetes mellitus, elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration, and focal hand and foot dystonia. The skeletal muscle biopsy demonstrated ragg...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and leading cause of disability in young adults. Vision impairment is a common component of disability for this population of patients. Injury to the optic nerve, brainstem, and cerebellum leads to characteristic syndromes affecting both the afferent and efferent visual pathways. The objective of this review is to ...

A case of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma (sBL) presenting with jaw and lid involvement in a diabetic adult African American female and a review of adult orbital Burkitt lymphoma cases are presented. Lid edema, visual loss, ophthalmoparesis, proptosis, and sinusitis progressed over 4 weeks despite antibiotic and steroid treatment. Upper lid biopsy histopathological evaluation and immunophenotyping re...