The fates of individual species are often tied to synchronization of phenology, however, few methods have been developed for integrating phenological models involving linked species. In this paper, we focus on mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) and its two obligate mutualistic fungi, Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma montium. Growth rates of all three partners are driven by t...

cus aureus by heat shock. The effect has then been more thoroughly investigated by landolo and Ordal (5, 6). Since heat shock causes an increased sensitivity of fungal cells to high temperature and blue light (2-4), it seemed justified also to test the response of heat-shocked fungal cells to high concentrations of sodium chloride. Most experiments were performed with the ascomycete Ophiostoma ...

Interactions between invasive insects and their fungal associates have important effects on the behavior, reproductive success, population dynamics and evolution of the organisms involved. The red turpentine beetle (RTB), Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), an invasive forest pest in China, is closely associated with fungi. By carrying fungi on specialized structures in the ex...

Individual lodgepolepines(Pinus contorta)were fertilizedwithureaatnitrogen(N) inputs equivalent to 0, 315, or 630 kg/ha. Four months after application of the fertilizer, inner bark tissue N concentrations were signiÞcantly higher in the trees that had received the low dose (315 kg/ha) fertilization treatment than in the control trees; trees that had received the high-dose treatment (630 kg/ha) ...