Embryos of oviparous organisms are exposed to contaminants by two pathways: contaminant uptake from the surrounding environment, and the transfer from female to offspring (maternal transfer). The initial source of contaminant exposure for most embryos is likely to be maternal transfer; therefore, maternal transfer studies are critical in determining the effects of contaminants on future populat...

In view of the persistently high mortality from hypertension in spite of the large number of measures recommended in the treatment of this disease one is forced to admit the futility or helplessness of the situation. In Ayman’s opinion, the “proper treatment is still unknown.” Evans and Loughnan, after a critical analysis and trial of thirty three different preparations in seventy cases of high...

Filamentous algae are often visible on the carapaces of freshwater turtles and these algae are dominated by a few species with varying geographic distributions. Compared to filamentous algae, little is known about the much more speciose microalgae on turtles. Our objectives were to compare the diatom flora on a single turtle species (the common snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina) across part ...

Rauwolfia serpentina is a safe and effective treatment for hypertension. The objective of this case report to enhance awareness medical practitioners concerning induced Parkinsonism, because recognition appropriate management can enable proper prevent serious adverse outcomes. We patient, who known Systemic hypertension10 years ago was taking 5 drops syrup, caused the patient suffer with rigidi...

The trade-off between offspring size and number can present a conflict between parents and their offspring. Because egg size is constrained by clutch size, the optimal egg size for offspring fitness may not always be equivalent to that which maximizes parental fitness. We evaluated selection on egg size in three turtle species (Apalone mutica, Chelydra serpentina and Chrysemys picta) to determi...

Rauwolfia serpentina also known as Sarpagandha (Apocynaceae) is an integral part of Ayurvedic medical system in India for over centuries for the treatment of various ailments. The leaves and roots ofRauwolfiaserpentina contain alkaloids which are secondary metabolites. Major alkaloids identified are Reserpine, Rauwolfine, Serpentine, Sarpagine, Ajmaline, Yohimbine and Ajmalicine.The present pap...

Hypertension is a many-sided disease both in its causes and symptoms. To judge the success or failure of its treatment, it is therefore necessary to adduce several different criteria. Since there is no absolute criterion in the complex symptoms of hypertension by which the success of the therapy can be conclusively judged, all investigations regarding the value of any hypertension-therapy must ...

We investigated sex differences in cardiovascular maturation in embryos of the snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina, a species with temperature-dependent sex determination. One group of eggs was incubated at 26.5°C to produce males. Another group of eggs was incubated at 26.5°C until embryos reached stage 17; eggs were then shifted to 31°C for 6 days to produce females, and returned to 26.5°C fo...