A retrospective case-control study was performed to determine the risks and outcomes associated with pediatric cardiothoracic surgical site infection. Undergoing more than 1 cardiothoracic operative procedure, having preoperative infection, and undergoing surgery on a Monday were significant risk factors. Cardiothoracic surgical site infection increased hospital and pediatric intensive care uni...

Any surgical procedure involves risks. Thyroid surgery can cause potentially fatal complications during the early post-operative phase. It is essential that nurses have the knowledge and skills to detect early signs and symptoms of potential complications and take appropriate action. Early detection and rapid response are key to maintaining patient safety and minimising harm.

The evaluation of common breast problems requires an assessment of the patient's risks and symptoms and a thorough physical examination. When indicated, appropriate imaging studies should be done, the patient should be referred to a surgeon or a breast specialist, and operative interventions should be used.

Prone positioning of patients during anaesthesia is required to provide operative access for a wide variety of surgical procedures. It is associated with predictable changes in physiology but also with a number of complications, and safe use of the prone position requires an understanding of both issues. We have reviewed the development of the prone position and its variants and the physiologic...

BACKGROUND Post-operative morbidity affects up to 36% of cardiac surgical patients. However, few countries reliably record morbidity outcome data, despite patients wanting to be informed of all the risks associated with surgery. The Cardiac Post-Operative Morbidity Score (C-POMS) is a new tool for describing and scoring (0-13) total morbidity burden after cardiac surgery, derived by noting the ...

BACKGROUND In many countries, there are health care initiatives to make smokers give up smoking in the peri-operative setting. There is empirical evidence that this may improve some, but not all, operative outcomes. However, it may be feared that some support for such policies stems from ethically questionable opinions, such as paternalism or anti-smoker sentiments. This study aimed at investig...

Post-vasectomy pain syndrome (PVPS) is a rare, but devastating outcome following vasectomy. Given the widespread utilization of vasectomy for permanent contraception, with more than 500,000 procedures performed annually in the United States, it can be a significant challenge for both patients and providers. Vasectomy reversal is a surgical option for men who fail conservative or medical managem...

Because of recent advances in anesthesia and surgery, almost any patient with a resectable lung malignancy is now an operative candidate, given a full understanding of the risks and provided he or she is investigated appropriately. This progress necessitates a change in the paradigm that one uses for preoperative assessment. Understanding and stratifying the perioperative risks allows the anest...

Obesity has long been linked to adverse health effects over time. As the prevalence of obesity continues rise, it is important anticipate and minimize complications that brings in anesthesia setting during surgery. Anesthetic departments must recognize innumerable risks when managing patients with undergoing surgery, including anatomical physiological changes as well comorbidities such diabetes...

Neuropsychological testing may reflect subtle structural changes that may not be readily apparent with neuroimaging studies, and physiologic disruption of normal neural function secondary to epileptic activity. Neuropsychological testing is used during the pre-operative evaluation for epilepsy surgery to assess functional brain status, which, in turn, provides important information on the risks...