In studies of spoken word recognition, factors such as the materials to be recognized and the degradation of the speech signal have been discussed at length in the literature. The factor that has been largely ignored, however, is that of response format. In particular, word recognition studies in the last forty years have been largely closed-set tasks, despite the fact that the original tests u...

Students in higher education have been shown to difficulties developing their critical thinking skills, such as analysis and problem solving, reasoning argumentation. Open-ended tasks offer opportunities for students develop own interpretations of various sources, critically analyse domain-specific knowledge utilize that This study focuses on the ability new Master’s (n=37) pharmaceutical from ...

Background & Aims: This study was performed to compare the effects of open and closed chain terminal knee extension exercises on onset latency of vastus medialis obliques (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL), pain and function in subjects diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Methods: In a pretest and posttest 5-week intervention study, 26 subjects diagnosed with PFPS and 13 healthy su...

objectives: the aim of this study was to identify the role of attentional process in postural control using choice reaction time task while changing the visual and proprioceptive cues under difficult balance task (standing on one-leg). methods: this cross-sectional study was conducted by participating 20 young people (22.75±2.29). each subject performed one-leg standing as balance task for each...

one of the most problematic areas in foreign language learning is collocation. it is often seen as arbitrary and an overwhelming obstacle to the achievement of nativelike fluency. current second language (l2) instruction research has encouraged the use of collaborative output tasks in l2 classrooms. this study examined the effects of two types of output tasks (editing and cloze) on the learning...