This study was conducted to investigate the effect of meaning-focused versus form-focused input-oriented and output-oriented task-based instruction on elementary level Iranian EFL Learners’ vocabulary comprehension and recall. For this purpose, a sample of 120 male students from a private school in Tehran was selected through convenience sampling and based on availability. The participants were...

the necessity and importance of teaching pragmatics has come to light by many researchers (e.g. rose & kasper, 2001). due to the consensus over the need to teach pragmatic competence, the main issue now centers on the question of how we should teach this competence in the most effective way. consistent with this line of research, the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of d...

  One of the most problematic areas in foreign language learning is collocation. It is often seen as arbitrary and an overwhelming obstacle to the achievement of nativelike fluency. Current second language (L2) instruction research has encouraged the use of collaborative output tasks in L2 classrooms. This study examined the effects of two types of output tasks (editing and cloze) on the learni...

In this paper, the training needs of wind farm employees have been specified, assessed and prioritized. For this purpose, first of all, the main tasks of wind farm employees have been identified. Afterwards, four criteria—including task complexity, task importance, task time duration and task frequency—have been considered to assess and prioritize tasks. In this respect, the Analytic Hierar...

operator's role in industrial control centers takes place in time, which is one of the most important determinants of whether an expected action is going to be successful or not. in certain situations, due to the complex nature of the work, the existing interfaces and already prepared procedures do not meet the dynamic requirements of operator's cognitive demands, making the control tasks unnec...

conclusions the results of this study led to the identification of many of the errors and conditions that affect the performance of controllers, providing the ability to define safety and ergonomic interventions to reduce the risk of human error. therefore, the results of this study can be a basis for planning atm to prioritize prevention programs and safety enhancement results the analysis of ...

We are interested in scheduling tasks from several selfish agents on a set of parallel identical machines. A coordination mechanism consists in giving a scheduling policy to each machine. Given these policies, each agent chooses the machines on which she assigns her tasks, and her aim is to minimize the average completion times of her tasks. The aim of the system (social cost) is to minimize th...

Recent versions of international high-stakes tests like TOEFL and IELTS have made use of integrated tasks in addition to the traditional independent tasks in a claim to provide a more realistic estimation of the test takers’ language abilities. The present study aimed to investigate how test takers’ performance may differ on such tasks. As such, the test takers’ performance was compared on IELT...