It is now well recognized that impairments in olfaction often provide the first sign of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1-5]. Recent studies have also revealed that olfactory deficits are observed in individuals living with psychiatric disorders including depression [6], and schizophrenia [7]. Accordingly, it is hypothesized that abnormalities ...

Phylogenetically the most ancient sense, olfaction is characterized by a unique intimacy with the emotion system. However, mechanisms underlying olfaction-emotion interaction remain unclear, especially in an ever-changing environment and dynamic internal milieu. Perturbing the internal state with anxiety induction in human subjects, we interrogated emotion-state-dependent olfactory processing i...

BACKGROUND Non-motor symptoms are increasingly recognized as important features of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 mutations are common causes of familial and sporadic PD. Non-motor features have not been yet comprehensively evaluated in LRRK2 transgenic mouse models. OBJECTIVE Using a transgenic mouse model overexpressing the R1441G mutation of the human LRRK2 gene, we have investigated the ...

Olfaction research deeply renewed the knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in various psychopathological states and showed that olfactory deficits might constitute an onset or trait marker in psychiatry. However, while alcohol-dependence is the most wide spread psychiatric disorder and while olfaction might be involved in its development and maintenance, olfactory abilities h...

Vitamin A is essential for the early development and normal functioning of the brain throughout life. A deficiency of vitamin A is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, and subclinical deficiency is probably present worldwide. The main active molecule in vitamin A is retinoic acid, which is involved in vision, the immune system, skin health, olfaction and...

The androgen derivative androstadienone is a substance found in human sweat and thus is a putative human chemosignal. Androstadienone has been studied with respect to effects on mood states, attractiveness ratings, physiological and neural activation. With the current experiment, we aimed to explore in which way androstadienone affects attention to social cues (human faces). Moreover, we wanted...

This article will present the factual material that up to 1972, MDMA was entered with the phenethylamine exists in the literature representing the results of laboraname. Since then, the heterocyclic term benzodioxole-5i tory studies and scientific experimentation with ethanamine has been the root name. The common abbremethylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA, the comviation MDMA is based on the co...