The hydrodynamic description of trickle flow is a complex field of study. One of the main contributors to the complexity is the existence of multiple hydrodynamic states (MHS). As early as 1978, Kan & Greenfield reported different pressure drop and holdup readings for the same liquid and gas feed rates. The study revealed that the flow history experienced by the bed determined the specific hydr...

Holdup in Oligopsonistic Labour Markets: A New Role for the Minimum Wage We consider a labour market model of oligopsonistic wage competition and show that there is a holdup problem although workers do not have any bargaining power. When a firm invests more, it pays a higher wage in order to attract workers from competitors. Because workers participate in the returns on investment while only fi...

Compressor suction and discharge lines in refrigeration systems must be designed to move compressor lubricants along the pipeline. This paper presents experimental and analytical results that describe the characteristics of two-phase, viscous liquid flows. Smooth-walled, flat plate test sections have been designed to allow flow visualization studies of the oil flow in different flow orientation...

Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are alternatives to increase production in mature reservoirs. However, the presence of EOR chemicals produced water may impact separation gas-water systems platforms. The present work aims evaluate polymers, surfactants, inorganic salts, and their interactions on gas holdup a 32.1-cm-diameter semi-batch bubble column over range superficial velocities...

Experiments were performed to understand the impact of orifice on droplet size in shear breakup region. Oil jet was released vertically from two types: a pipe and converging nozzle. The roll-up vortices observed clearly near edge with nozzle while elongated oil ligaments direction mostly orifice. droplets shed field layer increased along for both types. At different distances orifice, character...

Abstract What drives investment in automation technologies? This paper documents a positive relationship between labor-friendly institutions and industrial robots sample of advanced developing economies. Institutions explain substantial share cross-country variation automation. The is stronger sunk cost-intensive industries, where producers are vulnerable to holdup. result suggests that one rea...

The optical fiber probe gas-holdup meter is a new logging tool, which can be used to measure the of oil-gas-water three-phase flow during production logging. In this paper, wavelet transform denoise measured signal probe. For threshold de-noising method, existing hard and soft functions have certain defects. So we propose denoising method with an improved function, use signal-to-noise ratio, ro...