this paper presents results analyses of specific potential blowout scenarios for subsea oilpipelines between the coast of mainland of iran and khark island in the persian gulf. the analyses have been carried out with the sintef oil spill contingency and response (oscar) 3-dimensional model system.some hypothetical three-day blowout scenarios with light and heavy iranian oil have been investigat...

There continues to be reluctance in some jurisdictions to use chemical dispersants as a viable countermeasure for accidental oil spills. One argument used by some opponents to dispersant use is that "chemical dispersants do not work effectively in cold water". To address this issue, the U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS) funded and conducted two series of large-scale dispersant experiments ...

In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of crude oil, dispersant and oil-dispersant test systems their toxicities on representative marine organisms in a simulated ecosystem was assessed. Mechanically dispersed oil-in-water system (MDO) its water accommodated fraction (WAF) alone, combination with third generation (D) (Ecobest®), which gave rise to chemically (CDO) (CEWAF), as well r...

With the continuous research and development of the low-toxic and high-efficiency oil spill dispersants (OSDs), there are an increasing number of evaluation methods for the effect of the OSDs. Currently, the majority of the OSDs effect evaluation is related with the testing of the emulsification in the laboratory, while the stability researches on the OSDs effect are still few. In this paper, t...

Static exposure experiments were conducted to assess the toxicity of dispersed Prudhoe Bay Crude Oil (PBCO) to embryos of the topsmelt (Atherinops affinis). Treatment with the dispersant COREXIT 9500 resulted in greater hydrocarbon concentrations in chemically enhanced water-accommodated fractions (CEWAFs) of oil, relative to the untreated water-accommodated fractions (WAFs). Topsmelt embryo de...

To investigate the synergistic effect of oleic acid modification and dispersant on dispersion stability wear resistance graphene in base oil. Modified was prepared by using as surface modifier T161 dispersant. The microstructure characterized SEM Raman. effects were investigated, optimal addition amount determined. At same time, optimum modified determined MMU–10 testing machine. And feasibilit...

The effects of Corexit 9500, a dispersant used to clean up oil spills, on invertebrates, lower vertebrates, birds, and human health have been examined, but there is a significant lack of study of the effect of this dispersant on aquatic viruses. In this study, the effects of Corexit 9500 on four aquatic viruses of differing structural composition were examined. Corexit 9500 reduced the titer of...

INTRODUCTION Oil spill cleanup workers come into contact with numerous potentially hazardous chemicals derived from the oil spills, as well as chemicals applied for mitigation of the spill, including oil dispersants. In response to the Deepwater Horizon Macondo well oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, a record volume of the oil dispersant, COREXIT EC9500A, was delivered via aerial applicat...

The oil spill dispersant (OSD) play an important role to deal with the frequent oil spills in the marine environment, which can effectively reduce the interfacial tension between the oil and the seawater. However, there are many studies showing the stability of the OSD effect changes over time, and is related with the wave. In this paper, the results show the OSD will gradually move away from t...