YERCEPTIONS OF A GLOBAL CRISIS have been rampant for over a decade. Third world nations fear their development prospects are being undermined by a series of devastating external shocks. Unprecedentedly high levels of foreign debt service, coupled with climbing interest rates and falling export revenues, have forced many developing countries to cut imports, restrict public-sector spending, curta...

For decades, humans have been consuming large quantities of oil, coal and natural gas. Consequently, people must now take responsibility for having participated in productive activities that have caused the emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) which has damaged the environment and caused problems associated with abnormal weather. Previous studies investigated the relationships between energy and c...

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This paper investigates how non-oil international organisations (NOIO) in Libyan post-crisis assess management training and development programme (MTDP) needs. The current situation of MTDP needs assessment and factors that may influence MTDP are investigated. Questionnaire was distributed to (150) managers from nineteen NOIO. We find that performance and experience were the most common MTDPNA ...

Nevertheless, the existence and application history of the microemulsions goes back to the very older times, but the oldest available reports in this field have been published by Schulman (Schulman & Hoar, 1943) and Winsor (Winsor, 1954). Their works are the starting point of efforts for the systematic understanding of the microemulsions. Meanwhile, the widespread generalization and application...

THE SPANISH COAST OF GALICIA IS CURRENTly subject to an oil spill that, given its spatial and temporal extent, could become one of the worst spills ever. The Spanish and the local Galician governments have been maintaining for 30 days that, since 13 November, when the tanker Prestige ran into problems, every decision implemented throughout this crisis, including the key resolution of transporti...

Perhaps the phrase "Energy Crisis," first introduced during the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo, is slightly misleading. The sun, for example, provides the world with 400 times more energy than we use each day. The unmined U.S. coal supply is large enough to meet demand in this country for several centuries. Other forms of energy that man expects to better harness in the future such as the sea, wind, bio...

[1] The pyrocumulonimbus storm near Chisholm, Alberta, on 28 May 2001 has been studied in depth. However, the impact of this eruption on the lower stratosphere has not been characterized. Here and in a companion paper we explore this topic. This paper focuses on the ‘‘young’’ Chisholm smoke plume, from the age of 3 h to 1 week, as observed by Earth-viewing satellite instruments. (The companion ...