This work describes the stability of the selected in situ solutions for ophthalmic delivery of naphazoline hydrochloride ( FF17, FF18) and antazoline phosphate ( GG17 and GG18) based on the pH triggered concept using Carbopol 940 and HPMC K4M. The formulations were evaluated for their pH, isotonicity, gelling capacity, rheological characteristics, in vitro drug release , sterility and in vivo s...

The eye presents unique opportunities and challenges when it comes to the delivery of Pharmaceuticals. While absorption by this route is bungling, there are few side effects with conventional ocular dosage forms like eye drops and eye suspensions. Several polymeric systems have been used to fabricate ocular inserts for better ocular bioavailability and retention of drug for which gelling system...

Therapeutic proteins and peptides have become notable in the drug delivery arena for their compatibility with the human body as well as their high potency. However, their biocompatibility and high potency does not negate the existence of challenges resulting from physicochemical properties of proteins and peptides, including large size, short half-life, capability to provoke immune responses an...

Many techniques have been developed to overcome the bioavailability problem of poorly soluble drugs. The nanonization is one in that micronized particle converted nanoparticle. Several processes are applied for nanocrystal production, including precipitation, milling, high pressure homogenization and combination method. formulation administered via various routes like oral, intravenous, intramu...

Efflux pump like P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to be a major barrier to drug delivery. Functional P-glycoprotein has been recently identified in cornea and corneal cell lines. Thus, it is probable that P-glycoprotein may restrict in vivo ocular drug absorption, resulting in low ocular bioavailability. Experiments were designed using New Zealand albino (New Zealand White) rabbits to assess inhi...

Brinzolamide is a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor which reduces the production of aqueous humor in ciliary body, thereby reducing intra-ocular pressure. It formulated as an ophthalmic suspension. The pharmacokinetics ocular suspensions not well understood. objective this study was to characterize brinzolamide rabbit humor, iris-ciliary plasma, and whole blood. New Zealand White rabbits wer...

In this work, a peptide for ocular delivery (POD) and human immunodeficiency virus transactivator were conjugated with biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PGLA)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-nanoparticles (NPs) in an attempt to improve ocular drug bioavailability. The NPs were prepared by the solvent displacement method following two different pathways. One involved preparation of PLGA NPs...

The aim of this study is to formulate a novel ophthalmic nanosuspension (ONS), an alternative carrier system to traditional colloidal carriers for controlled release (CR) of acyclovir (ACV). In the present study, ONS is employed to avoid some of major disadvantages of colloidal carriers systems such as instability in cul de sac and short half life by increasing efficiency of drug encapsulation ...

Brinzolamide (BZ) is an intraocular pressure reducing agent with low bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was to overcome this issue by development of BZ containing nanoemulsions (NEs) as an ocular drug delivery system with desirable therapeutic efficacy. Brinzolamide NEs were prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. Based on initial release studies, twelve formulations w...

Brinzolamide (BZ) is an intraocular pressure reducing agent with low bioavailability. The purpose of the present study was to overcome this issue by development of BZ containing nanoemulsions (NEs) as an ocular drug delivery system with desirable therapeutic efficacy. Brinzolamide NEs were prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. Based on initial release studies, twelve formulations w...