Nitidine chloride (NC), a quaternary ammonium alkaloid, has numerous pharmacological effects, such as anticancer activity. However, it was found that NC also has hepatocellular toxicity. Because organic cation transporters 1 and 3 (OCT1 and OCT3) might mediate the influx of NC into hepatocytes, multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1) probably mediates the efflux of NC from hepatocytes, while cy...

BACKGROUND Given the usefulness of rats as an experimental system, an efficient method for generating rat induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells would provide researchers with a powerful tool for studying human physiology and disease. Here, we report direct reprogramming of rat neural precursor (NP) cells and rat embryonic fibroblasts (REF) into iPS cells by retroviral transduction using either t...

CONTEXT Maturation delay of germ cells and their progression into carcinoma in situ (CIS) frequently occurs in intersex patients. A developmentally delayed germ cell resembles a CIS cell and displays prolonged expression of immunohistochemical markers used for the diagnosis of CIS. This questions their applicability in young children. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was the elaboration o...

PURPOSE Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular tumor of early childhood. The early onset of RB, coupled with our previous findings of cancer stem cell characteristics in RB, led us to hypothesize that subpopulations of RB tumors harbor markers and behaviors characteristic of embryonic and neuronal origin. METHODS Our RB sources included: human pathological tissues, and the human R...

Vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis are thought to arise in hemangioblasts, the common progenitors of cells in vessels and in blood. This scheme was challenged by kinetic analysis of vascular endothelial and hematopoietic progenitors in early gastrulating mouse embryos. The OP-9 co-culture system with a combination of cytokines permitted the detection of endothelial progenitors, as well as stroma-...

Glucocorticoid hormones act within the brain to alter physiological and behavioral responses to stress-related stimuli. Previous studies indicated that acute stressors can increase serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] concentrations in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), a midline hypothalamic structure involved in the integration of physiological and behavioral responses to stress. The curre...

Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines have been derived from four male patients with childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children and adolescents between the ages 6 18 suffering ADHD were recruited for this work. Isolated keratinocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells participants reprogrammed into iPSCs using non-integrating Sendai virus to deliver reprog...

The transcription factor SOX2, associated with amongst others OCT3/4, is essential for maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. SOX2 is highly expressed in embryonal carcinoma (EC), the stem cell component of malignant nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, referred to as germ cell cancer (GCC). In fact, OCT3/4 together with SOX2 is an informative diagnostic tool for EC ...