This study investigates the relationship between occupant injury and a host of other factors, including traffic and weather conditions present at the time of crash, road design, vehicle type, and occupant characteristics. Crash and traffic-detector data from six Orange County freeways were used in an ordered probit model. Crash outcomes were classified for each occupant, as no injury, non-visib...

In this paper, concepts are investigated for tuning material properties and component configurations in order to design structures with unique dynamic characteristics for mitigating blast loads while maintaining or reducing weight. The Dynamic Response Index (DRI) is employed as an occupant injury metric for determining the effectiveness of the each blast mitigation configuration that is consid...

Current procedures for estimating occupant risk in real-world vehicle crashes do not account for the performance of the occupant restraints, such as seatbelts and airbags. This paper compares the ability of two restraint performance metrics, the ridedown efficiency and the restraint quotient, to predict occupant injury as measured by a crash test dummy. The responses of crash test dummies were ...

the purpose of this research is to found the impact of built area and occupant number on winter gas consumption in the residential building sector of iran, shiraz.sothe annually and monthly gas consumption data through 19 houses were analyzed to achieve the heating energy consumption and operation month.the average operation months of gas heating consumption were from first of november up to en...

In this paper, we propose an occupant sensing system using the sensor fusion composing of PIR (pyroelectric infrared) sensor, USD (ultrasonic distance) sensor and IRD (infrared distance) sensor for the smart airbag. These sensors are used to detect the position and body classification of occupants. By mounting these sensors within vehicles jig, the proposed system is experimentally evaluated in...

A survey among 127 wheelchair users was conducted to characterize wheelchair occupant restraint usage patterns, restraint deficiencies, user characteristics, and essential wheelchair occupant restraint design parameters for when individuals travel in motor vehicles while seated in their wheelchairs. Survey respondents value independent travel and seem generally interested in the use of an occup...

In road traffic accidents, a car-seat and its occupant can be subjected to various crash pulses in the case of a rear impact. This study investigates the influence of crash pulse shape on seat-occupant response and evaluates the corresponding risk of whiplash injury. For this purpose, a rigorously validated seat-occupant system model is used to study different carseat designs and crash pulses. ...

An Occupant Classification System (OCS) that detects the existence and physique of the passenger seat occupant for the Advanced Air Bag requirements of FMVSS208 was developed. This paper describes an OCS which distinguishes small women (5th percentile adult female dummy: AF05) from young children (less than 6-yearold child dummy: AC06) pertaining to the following items. (1) The reason of classi...

Occupant-centric control (OCC) strategies represent a novel approach for indoor climate in which occupancy patterns and occupant preferences are embedded within sequences. They aim to improve comfort energy efficiency by learning predicting behaviour (OB), then optimizing building operations accordingly. Previous studies estimate that OCC can increase savings up 60% while improving comfort. How...

In this paper, the application of soft computing techniques in prediction of an occupant’s behaviour in an inhabited intelligent environment is addressed. In this research, daily activities of elderly people who live in their own homes suffering from dementia are studied. Occupancy sensors are used to extract the movement patterns of the occupant. The occupancy data is then converted into tempo...