The article is devoted to mathematical models for solving cutting and packing (C&P) problems. We review the main tool of our studies – phi-functions. Those are constructed here for 2D and 3D objects (unlike other standard tools, such as No-Fit Polygons, which are restricted to the 2D geometry). We also demonstrate that in many realistic cases the phi-functions can be described by quite simple f...

It is shown that the wave function describes the state of the statistical ensemble E [S] of individual particles, or the statistical average particle 〈S〉. This result follows from the fact that in the classical limit h̄ = 0 the Schrödinger equation turns to the dynamic equations for the statistical ensemble of classical particles. The statement that the wave function describes the state of an in...

Object-oriented databases have been developed to allow applications to store persistent data in the form of objects. As in conventional databases, object-oriented databases need to support queries that allow associative access to data by describing a property of the data of interest. In particular, they should support queries over user-de ned sets based on user-de ned functions that compute the...

Analysis and design of object oriented is onemodern paradigms for developing a system. In this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles. Identifying objects (and classes) is one of the most important steps in the object-oriented paradigm. This paper makes a literature review over techniques to identify objects and then presents six taxonomies for them. The f...

Object points is a new software size metric that has emerged to cope with recent developments in software engineering, and to overcome the deficiencies of the traditional lines of code and function points size metrics. Moreover, object points has been utilized as the basis for several software cost estimation models with promising improvements in the accuracy of estimates. However, the infancy ...

forest classification on the basis of satellite images is a promising technique both for primary map production and for map updating and forest monitoring. for accurate for-est classification into three classes, using mapping by canopy cover density “high spatial resolution satellite images have to be used in order to obtain the required spatial detail” [schneider, 1999]. at the same time, the ...