18 Local, shortto medium-term studies make clear that white-tailed deer can greatly suppress 19 tree growth and survival in palatable tree species. To assess how deer have broadly affected 20 patterns of tree recruitment across northern Wisconsin, we analyzed recruitment success in 11 21 common trees species that vary in palatability across 13,105 USFS FIA plots sampled 22 between 1983 and 2013...

Facilitation enables plants to improve their fitness in stressful environments. The overall impact of plant-plant interactions on the population dynamics of protégées is the net result of both positive and negative effects that may act simultaneously along the plant life cycle, and depends on the environmental context. This study evaluates the impact of the nurse plant Juniperus sabina on diffe...

Abstract Native seeds broadcast for restoration are often consumed by predators before they can germinate. However, it is unclear how the composition of a seed mix affects predation. We excluded vertebrates from small plots seeded with native grassland plants to evaluate diversity There were two seeding treatments: less diverse focal cohort eight species on which we focused our analyses, and mo...

Proteins can be procured from both plants and animals. Plant proteins are more preferable as the animal may cause adverse health effects to human life. derived plant sources less expensive hence cost effective. Quality of relies on several factors biological value is one such factor. with major essential amino acid high value. Every source deficient in or acids so it recommended include multipl...

On alpine pastureland the decline in large-bodied earthworm numbers and biomass after abandonment of management might be the result of a shift from highly palatable grass litter to poorly digestible leaf litter of dwarf shrubs. To test this hypothesis, we analysed nitrogen, phosphorous and total phenolic contents of fresh and aged litter of eight commonly occuring alpine plant species and compa...

Related species with different diets are predicted to rely on different cognitive strategies: those best suited for locating available and appropriate foods. Here we tested two predictions of the niche-specific cognitive strategies hypothesis in bats, which suggests that predatory species should rely more on object memory than on spatial memory for finding food and that the opposite is true of ...

The palatability of organic chemical extracts from ten of the most abundant sponge species along the Israeli (shallow) coast, eastern Mediterranean Sea (Axinella sp., Axinella polypoides, Chondrilla nucula, Ircinia sp., Psammocinia sp. 1, Psammocinia sp. 2, Psammocinia sp. 3, Psammocinia sp. 4, Sarcotragus sp. and Tetilla sp.) was tested. To examine the generality of the phenomenon, it was eval...

The relative importance of facilitation and competition between pairwise plants across abiotic stress gradients as predicted by the stress-gradient hypothesis has been confirmed in arid and temperate ecosystems, but the hypothesis has rarely been tested in tropical systems, particularly across nutrient gradients. The current research examines the interactions between a pioneer shrub Rhodomyrtus...

The relationship of plant secondary chemistry, water content, and nutrient content to the palatability of leaves to the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes was determined in a study of individuals from 50 woody plant species in tropical dry forest of Costa Rica. The study took place during the yearly period of maximum leaf harvest, in the early rainy season. The palatability of plants was determine...