In this study, we examined the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and dose-dependent efficacy COVID-19 vaccine Covishield (Oxford/AstraZeneca). During period between December 2020 February 2021, tested level natural among individuals by estimating reactivity their sera towards spike (S) nucleoprotein (N) proteins.

1. Subjects recovered from SARS-CoV infection retain memory of cellular immune response to epitopes spanning over a few regions of the viral nucleoprotein. Ten such epitopes were identified. 2. The majority of epitopes were predominantly recognised by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and elicited persistent memory response lasting at least 2 years. 3. There is potential to use the nucleoprotein of SARSCo...

RecA protein primarily associates with and dissociates from opposite ends of nucleoprotein filaments formed on linear duplex DNA. RecA nucleoprotein filaments that are hydrolyzing ATP therefore engage in a dynamic process under some conditions that has some of the properties of treadmilling. We have also investigated whether the net polymerization of recA protein at one end of the filament and/...

Digestion of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) or Ad5 cores with micrococcal nuclease generated four nucleoprotein species that could be resolved by electrophoresis in low-ionic-strength polyacrylamide gels: these nucleoproteins displayed mobilities equivalent to those of DNA fragments of 900 to 1,025, 775 to 850, 650 to 725, and 525 to 600 base pairs (bp) and thus were readily distinguishable from HeLa ...

Bacterial nucleoid-associated proteins, such as H-NS-like proteins in Enterobacteriaceae, are abundant DNA-binding proteins that function in chromosomal DNA organization and gene transcription regulation. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lsr2 protein has been proposed to be the first identified H-NS analogue in Gram-positive bacteria based on its capability to complement numerous in vivo function...

CTLs recognize peptide epitopes which are proteolytically generated by the proteasome and presented on MHC class I molecules. According to the defective ribosomal product (DRiP) hypothesis, epitopes originate from newly synthesized polypeptides which are degraded shortly after their translation. The DRiP hypothesis would explain how epitopes can be generated from long-lived proteins. We examine...

DNA repair helicases function in the cell to separate DNA duplexes or remodel nucleoprotein complexes. These functions are influenced by sensing and signaling; the cellular pool of a DNA helicase may contain subpopulations of enzymes carrying different post-translational modifications and performing distinct biochemical functions. Here, we report a novel experimental strategy, single-molecule s...

Amino acid residues 81-100 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleoprotein contain a cytotoxic T cell epitope that is recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in association with human leukocyte antigen B44. With panels of truncated and overlapping peptides, the minimal and optimal epitope recognized by CTLs was shown to be a 9-mer peptide (residues 88-96). The peptide can stimulate effectivel...

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