The effect of various antimetabolites on nuclear pore formation was studied in synchronized HeLa S(3) cells. The nuclear size was determined by light microscopy and the pore number per unit area of nuclear surface by the freeze-etching technique and electron microscopy. It was found that the inhibition of DNA replication or ribosomal RNA synthesis has no effect on nuclear size increase or pore ...

Maintaining appropriate nucleus size is important for cell health, but the mechanisms by which this is achieved are poorly understood. Controlling nucleus size is a particular challenge in early development, where the nucleus must downscale in size with progressive reductive cell divisions. Here we use live and fixed imaging, micromanipulation approaches, and small molecule analyses during prei...

Multicellular development requires that cells reduce in size as a result of consecutive cell divisions without increase in embryo volume. To maintain cellular integrity, organelle size adapts to cell size throughout development. During mitosis, the longest chromosome arm must be shorter than half of the mitotic spindle for proper chromosome segregation. Using high-resolution time-lapse microsco...

Nuclear-structure effects often provide an irreducible theory error that prevents using precision atomic measurements to test fundamental theory. We apply newly developed effective field tools Hydrogen atoms, and use them show (to the accuracy of present measurements) all nuclear finite-size (e.g. charge radius, Friar moments, polarizabilities, recoil corrections, Zemach moments {\it etc.}) onl...

How nuclear size is regulated is a fundamental cell-biological question with relevance to cancers, which often exhibit enlarged nuclei. We previously reported that conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) contributes to nuclear size reductions that occur during early Xenopus development. Here we report that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of lamin B3 (LB3) contributes to this mechanism of nuclear size...