How can we drive innovation towards better algorithms for NP optimization problems? NPO is the class of all NP optimization problems. The ingredients to an optimization problem are the set of input instances or problems, the set of feasible solutions, and the measure defined for a feasible solution. In a nutshell, NPO problems are optimization problems whose feasible solutions are short and eas...

We show that a number of Npo PB-complete problems, including Min Ones and Max Ones, are hard to approximate within n 1? for arbitrary > 0.

Issues of accountability, legitimacy and trust have remained at the forefront debate surrounding non-profit organisations their activities. The purpose this study is to review literature on accountability from lens organisational legitimacy. Specifically, we ask what can learn organisation (NPO) consider further work needs be done strengthen NPO We attempt go beyond mere gap-spotting seek chall...

The judicious allocation of traffic matrix sources/destinations to nodes of an exemplar optical packet switching architecture, the Manhattan street network, is studied in this paper. The node placement optimisation (NPO) problem is intractable, hence simulated annealing is used to find (near) optimal solutions expeditiously. A number of nonuniform traffic patterns are considered, facilitating t...

In this paper, the longest Hamiltonian cycle problem and the longest Hamiltonian path problem are proved to be NPO-complete. @ 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

The distal-convoluted tubule (DCT) of the kidney absorbs NaCl mainly via an Na+-Cl- cotransporter located at the apical membrane, and Na+, K+ ATPase at the basolateral side. Cl- transport across the basolateral membrane is thought to be conductive, but the corresponding channels have not yet been characterized. In the present study, we investigated Cl- channels on microdissected mouse DCTs usin...

Abstract Using reanalysis datasets and a coupled general circulation model, the relationship between springtime Arctic total column ozone (TCO) surface (5 m) ocean currents in North Pacific is investigated. We found that as March TCO decreases, statistically significant northwestward current anomaly occurs northern layer, but an anomalous southward appears central April, vice versa. The decreas...

The present study was undertaken to explore the neuronal mechanisms responsible for muscle atonia that occurs after the microinjection of bicuculline into the nucleus pontis oralis (NPO). Specifically, we wished to test the hypothesis that motoneurons are postsynaptically inhibited after the microinjection of bicuculline into the NPO and determine whether the inhibitory mechanisms are the same ...

Children, similar to adults, are required to fast before general anesthesia in order to reduce  the volume and acidity of stomach contents. It is thought that NPO regulations reduce the risk of regurgitation and aspiration of gastric contents during surgery. Recent developments have encouraged a shift from the standard 'nil by mouth from midnight' fasting policy to more relaxed regimens. Preope...