Ring rolling is one of the most significant methods for producing rings with highly precise dimensions and superior qualities such as high strength uniformity, all accomplished without wasting any materials. In this article, we have achieved analytical formulas for calculating the pressure and shear friction over the contact arcs between the rollers and ring in the ring rolling process for the ...

Matrix rings are prominent in abstract algebra. In this paper we give an overview of the theory matrix near-rings. A near-ring differs from a ring that it does not need to be abelian and one distributive laws hold general. We introduce two ways which near-rings can defined discuss structure each. One is as given by Beildeman other Meldrum. his normal arrays under operation multiplication additi...