Nonstructural carbon (NSC) provides the carbon and energy for plant growth and survival. In woody plants, fundamental questions about NSC remain unresolved: Is NSC storage an active or passive process? Do older NSC reserves remain accessible to the plant? How is NSC depletion related to mortality risk? Herein we review conceptual and mathematical models of NSC dynamics, recent observations and ...

Our objective was to examine alterations in carbohydrate status of leaf meristems that are associated with nitrogen-induced changes in leaf elongation rates of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Dark respiration rates, concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates, and soluble proteins were measured in leaf intercalary meristems and adjacent segments of elongating leaves. The two genoty...

The replication of picornaviruses has been described to cause fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus that blocks the secretory pathway. The inhibition of major histocompatibility complex class I upregulation and cytokine, chemokine and interferon secretion may have important implications for host defense. Previous studies have shown that disruption of the secretory pathway can be replicated by ex...

Abstract This article presents a numerical study on the influence of anchorage shear hysteresis seismic response nonstructural components (NSC) connected to multi-storey reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, and itself. To cover variety different types shapes, this contribution considered experimental results obtained for five post-installed anchors. The were used calibrating model connecting an ...

• Combining a flexible rocking wall system and the flexibility of timber can result in building with considerable flexibility. This paper investigates how partition detailing affects dynamic properties structural system. determines when it is beneficial to consider nonstructural walls overall resistance. Fixed contribute significantly seismic resistance while deformation-compatible ones offer l...

Hepatitis C virus encodes a large polyprotein precursor that is proteolytically processed into at least 10 distinct products, in the order NH2-C-E1-E2-p7-NS2-NS3-NS4A-NS4B-NS5A-NS5B -COOH. A serine proteinase encoded in the N-terminal 181 residues of the NS3 nonstructural protein is responsible for cleavage at four sites (3/4A, 4A/4B, 4B/5A, and 5A/5B) in the nonstructural region. NS4A, a 54-re...

Solubilized nonstructural antigen III from Saint Louis encephalitis (SLE)-Japanese B encephalitis (JBE)-West Nile (WN) and dengue-2 arbovirus-infected pig kidney cells was purified by employing Brij-58 solubilization, organic solvent extraction, and column chromatography. Diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column peak C eluate contained only intracellular viral envelope protein designated antigen I. A...

Although alphaviruses dramatically alter cellular function within hours of infection, interactions between alphaviruses and specific host cellular proteins are poorly understood. Although the alphavirus nonstructural protein 2 (nsP2) is an essential component of the viral replication complex, it also has critical auxiliary functions that determine the outcome of infection in the host. To gain a...

The impact of Blissus occiduus Barber feeding on resistant (ÔPrestigeÕ) and susceptible (Ô378Õ) buffalograsses,Buchloë dactyloides (Nuttall) Engelmann, was evaluated throughmeasurement of carbon exchange rate, light and carbon assimilation (A-Ci) curves, chlorophyll a ßuorescence, and nonstructural carbohydrates. No signiÞcant differences in carbon exchange rates were observed between infested ...