We propose a housekeeping/excess decomposition of entropy production for general nonlinear dynamics in discrete space, including chemical reaction networks and stochastic systems. exploit the geometric structure thermodynamic forces to define decomposition; this does not rely on notion steady state, it even applies systems that exhibit multistability, limit cycles, chaos. In decomposition, dist...

A technique for the study of evaporation from the precorneal and cornea! surfaces has been developed. Evaporation from the superficial lipid layer (SLL) has been measured to be 10.1 x 10~ Gm.cm.^secr When this lipid layer is removed, evaporation increases around fourfold. Evaporation from the dry epithelial surface occurs at a rate of 1.8 x JO" Gm.cmr^secr After the epithelium is removed, a twe...

We study the nonstationary dynamics of an elastic interface in a disordered medium at the depinning transition. We compute the two-time response and correlation functions, found to be universal and characterized by two independent critical exponents. We find a good agreement between two-loop functional renormalization group calculations and molecular dynamics simulations for the scaling forms, ...

How rising temperature and changing solar radiation affect evaporation of natural water bodies remains poor understood. In this study, evaporation from Lake Taihu, a large (area 2400 km) freshwater lake in the Yangtze River Delta, China, was simulated by the CLM4-LISSS offline lake model and estimated with pan evaporation data. Bothmethods were calibrated against lake evaporation measured direc...

A robust method for automated quantitation of nonsteady flow and lumen area is presented. The method utilizes temporal information to differentiate between pixels within the lumen and a background region. Cross correlation (CC) is applied to identify the pixels with temporal information similar to a reference obtained from a pixel within the lumen region. The new method incorporates a computati...

We report the results of a study of multiphase flow in porous media. A Darcy's law for steady multiphase flow was investigated for both binary and ternary amphiphilic flow. Linear flux-forcing relationships satisfying Onsager reciprocity were shown to be a good approximation of the simulation data. The dependence of the relative permeability coefficients on water saturation was investigated and...

The relative importance of Lagrangian and population dynamics on spatial pattern formation in the distribution of plankton near the ocean’s surface is investigated. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are treated as biologically interacting tracers that are passively advected by a divergence-free two-dimensional nonsteady velocity field. The time-dependence of this field is assumed to be quasiperiodi...