Microtubules are used as targets for anticancer drugs due to their crucial role in the process of mitosis. Recent studies show that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be classified as microtubule-stabilizing agents as they interact with protein microtubules (MTs), leading to interference in the mitosis process. CNTs hold a substantial promising application in cancer therapy in conjunction with other c...

It has been suggested that for fluids in which the rate of strain varies appreciably over length scales of the order of the intermolecular interaction range, the viscosity must be treated as a nonlocal property of the fluid. The shear stress can then be postulated to be a convolution of this nonlocal viscosity kernel with the strain rate over all space. In this Letter, we confirm that this post...

In this paper, vibration of the protein microtubule, one of the most important intracellular elements serving as one of the common components among nanotechnology, biotechnology and mechanics, is investigated using stress and strain gradient elasticity theory and orthotropic elastic shells model. Microtubules in the cell are influenced by internal and external stimulation and play a part in con...

this paper presents the thermal vibration analysis of double-layer graphene sheet embedded in polymer elastic medium, using the plate theory and nonlocal continuum mechanics for small scale effects. the graphene is modeled based on continuum plate theory and the axial stress caused by the thermal effects is also considered. nonlocal governing equations of motion for this double-layer graphene s...

We consider material bodies exhibiting a response function for free energy, which depends on both the strain and its gradient. Toupin–Mindlin’s gradient elasticity is characterized by Cauchy stress tensors, which are given by space-like Euler–Lagrange derivative of the free energy with respect to the strain. The present paper aims at developing a first version of gradient elasticity of non-Toup...

We present a general finite deformation higher-order gradient elasticity theory. The governing equations of the solid along with boundary conditions various orders are derived from variational principle using integration by parts on surface. objectivity energy functional is achieved carefully selecting invariants under rigid-body transformation. third-order theory includes more than 10.000 mate...

We consider dislocations in the framework of Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity. The fundamental field equations of nonlocal elasticity are presented. Using these equations, the nonlocal force stresses of a straight screw and a straight edge dislocation are given. By the help of these nonlocal stresses, we are able to calculate the interaction forces between dislocations (Peach-Koehler forces). All ...