OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to evaluate the frequency, outcome, and appropriateness of treatment of adults with acute allergiclike reactions related to IV-administered nonionic iodinated contrast media. MATERIALS AND METHODS For IV injections of nonionic iodinated contrast media between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2005, contrast reaction reports and medical records of patie...

Surfactants and their mixtures can drastically change the interfacial properties and hence are used in many industrial processes such as dispersion/flocculation, flotation, emulsification, corrosion inhibition, cosmetics, drug delivery, chemical mechanical polishing, enhanced oil recovery, and nanolithography. A review of studies on adsorption of single surfactant as well as mixtures of various...

Renal dysfunction may follow administration of iodinated radiographic contrast agents. This complication may be less common when low osmolarity nonionic agents are used. Although potential benefits from the use of low osmolarity nonionic contrast may be minimal in individuals with normal physiology, a greater benefit has been postulated in the presence of chronic cyanosis. To test this hypothes...

The effects of intracoronary injection of two nonionic contrast media (iohexol and metrizamide) on myocardial contraction and chemical composition of coronary sinus (CS) blood were compared with those caused by the standard ionic contrast material for coronary angiography, sodium meglumine diatrizoate (R76), in 14 anesthetized dogs. The effects of each agent on regional contractility were compa...

A study of the phase and rheological behavior of sucrose hexadecanoate (C16SE)/cosurfactant/water systems in the presence of solubilized oil, using complementary techniques such as dynamic light scattering and small angle X-ray scattering, is presented. Viscoelastic wormlike micellar solutions are found when a nonionic lipophilic cosurfactant is added to C16SE aqueous systems. Contrary to previ...

The compaction and aggregation of DNA induced by cationic surfactants was studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS). Furthermore, the effect on surfactant-compacted DNA of the addition of nonionic amphiphiles and salt was studied. When using sufficiently low amounts of DNA and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), compacted DNA molecules could be monitored by the appearance of a band character...

E very year, over 1 0 million Intravascular contrast examinations are performed In the United States. A typical dose of 200 mL of high-osmolality Ionic radiographic contrast costs approximately $8 (e.g. , diatrizoate, iothalmate, and others). In comparIson , low-osmolality nonionic contrast costs up to $ 1 70 for equivalent volumes (e.g. , iopamldol. iohexol. and others). If nonlonic contrast w...

The effects of four nonionic and two anionic surfactants on cucumber protoplasts were examined by light and electron microscopy. Two nonionic surfactants, polyoxyethylene (POE) (n=10) nonylphenylether and POE (n=5) laurylether, caused swelling of protoplasts, followed by their bursting. The bursting gave more destructive effects preferentially on lamellar structures of chloroplasts than the swe...

We have previously reported a new preparation method for liposomes using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a solvent, referred to as the supercritical carbon dioxide reverse phase evaporation (scRPE) method. In our previous work, addition of ethanol to scCO2 as a co-solvent was needed, because lipid molecules had to be dissolved in scCO2 to form liposomes. In this new study, niosomes (non...

The sal inity tolerance (precipitation phase boundary) is measured for a mixed anionic/nonionic surfactant sy s t em above the CMC. For any total surfactant concentration, the salinity tolerance is shown to increase as the percentage of nonionic surfactant in the s y s t e m is increased. A model is developed which can predict the phase houndaries for the mixed surfactant s y s t e m from the p...