Background: Breathlessness is a multifactorial problem caused by multiple pathways and thus lends itself to a range of interventions, each targeting a specific mechanism. For a start, the aging process affects respiratory function and decreases lung elasticity and respiratory muscle strength, which results in forced vital capacity reduction. Moreover, many conditions, such as chronic obstructiv...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significant risk of stroke and other thromboembolic events, which can be effectively prevented using oral anticoagulation (OAC) with either vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) or non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban. Until recently, VKAs were the only available means for OAC treatment. NOACs had similar efficacy ...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterised by a persistent and impairing pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity and it is one of the most common neuropsychiatric conditions. Evidence about interventions of adults with ADHD is growing rapidly and clinicians need a reliable summary of all the best available information in order to better inform their daily p...

Obesity, hypertension, obesity-related hypertension such as hypertension with diabetes are growing health problems. Obesity, hypertension and diabetes are important, independent risk factors for the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension in obesity is characterized by stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), elevated sympathetic activity, insulin r...

Delirium is a common disorder associated with poor prognosis, especially in the elderly. The impact of different treatment approaches for delirium on morbimortality and long-term welfare is not completely understood. OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments in elderly patients with delirium. METHODS This systematic review compared pharmacolog...

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex gastrointestinal disorder, whose understanding relatively uncertain, and the treatment guidance decision still represents challenge. OBJECTIVE: To identify critically appraise systematic reviews (SRs) published in Cochrane Database of SRs (CDSR) on effects interventions (pharmacological non-pharmacological) for IBS. METHODS: The s...

BACKGROUND In some situations, practice guidelines do not provide firm evidence-based guidance regarding COPD treatment choices, especially when large trials have failed to identify subgroups of particularly good or poor responders to available medications. METHODS This observational cross-sectional study explored the yield of four types of multidimensional analyses to assess the associations...