This study set out to investigate the distribution of the syntactic properties associatedwith the prodrop parameter by Persian-speaking L2 learners of English in an attemptto examine the (un)attainability of native-like knowledge and (in)accessibility of UGin adult SLA. To do so, 92 participants were assigned into different levels of L2knowledge based on their performances on the Oxford Placeme...

Pragmatic assessment and consistency in rating are among the subject matters which are still in need of more profound investigations. The importance of the issue is highlighted when remembering that inconsistency in ratings would surely damage the test fairness issue in assessment and lead to much diversity in ratings. Our principal concern in this study was observing the criteria that American...

Many vehicles today are equipped with navigation systems, and all of these systems use speech or a combination of speech and graphics to provide drivers with directions to their destinations. This study investigates the effect of gender of voice when providing driving instructions in English to drivers that are non-native speakers of English. In a 2(native/non-native) by 2(gender of voice) betw...

The use of computer-mediated communication including emails has become pervasive in academic contexts as a result the COVID-19 pandemic. What seems to be significant but simply overlooked by students is meeting politeness netiquettes while sending emails. To this end, current study investigated extent which non-native English speaking university adjust level their response written that received...

Freight transport via ships is the cheapest and most effective way to transfer more than 80% of global cargo volume. Seafarers have always been multinational, accordingly, non-English-speaking crew members are becoming an increasing presence on board. Although marine engineers comprise half crews among all seafarers board ships, Standard English guides, such as SMCP for navigation officers desi...

The present study investigated learners’ interlanguage pragmatic development through analysis of 99 requestive emails addressed to a faculty member over a period of up to two years. Most previous studies mainly investigated how non-native English speaking students’ (NNESs) pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic competence differed from native English speaking students (NESs) and compared learners ...

Speech in ecological environments is often accompanied by noise, which often proposes challenges to listeners. In this study we examined differences in native Mandarin-speaking and native English-speaking adults’ ability to perceive lexical tones and vowels in white noise and multi-talker babble noise at different signal-to-noise ratios. We found that although white noise impaired both listener...