the classical test theory (ctt) and item response theory (irt) are widely used in construction and analysis of exams and questionnaires. because of the various shortcomings of ctt, irt has been designed. even though irt has overcome most of the limitations of ctt and has made computer adaptive testing possible, it is still important to point out that not enough reasons exist to totally discard ...

It is becoming recognized from simulations, and to a lesser extent from experiment, that the classical Helfrich-Canham membrane continuum mechanics model can be fruitfully enriched by the inclusion of molecular tilt, even in the fluid, chain disordered, biologically relevant phase of lipid bilayers. Enriched continuum theories then add a tilt modulus κθ to accompany the well recognized bending ...

Relativistic particle physics is described by relativistic quantum field theory; the theories explaining the fundamental interactions are gauge theories. QFT as it is formulated in terms of Lagrangians and functional integration has to be regularized. The only known regularization scheme that retains the gauge symmetry is replacement of the space-time continuum by a space-time lattice. For conv...

We present results from a numerical simulation of the two-dimensional Euclidean Wess-Zumino model. In the continuum the theory possesses N = 1 supersymmetry. The lattice model we employ was analyzed by Golterman and Petcher in [1] where a perturbative proof was given that the continuum supersymmetric Ward identities are recovered without finite tuning in the limit of vanishing lattice spacing. ...

Abstract This paper is devoted to the study of plane-stress deformation a beam composed non-classical elastic materials that are suitable for modeling certain inter-metallic alloys with nonlinear constitutive relation between linearized strain and stress. The aim derive consistent asymptotic theory without ad hoc assumptions usually made in development theories. methodology involves expanding d...

Обычно появление неклассической науки относят к началу XX в. Прежде всего имеют в виду теорию относительности, квантовую механику, излучение энергии, генетику, что совершенно справедливо. Но автор подчеркивает, первая неклассическая теория появилась уже первой половине XIX области математики. По своим методологическим и мировоззренческим основаниям именно геометрия Лобачевского стала теорией. U...

Institution theory represents the fully axiomatic approach to model in which all components of logical systems are treated abstractly by reliance on category theory. Here, we survey some developments over last decade or so concerning institution theoretic non-classical aspects Our focus will be many-valued truth and models with states, addressed two extensions ordinary known as L-institutions s...