In this paper we present the development of a simulation model for large consumers to optimise their consumption and reserve offers in a security constrained electricity market. We utilise the New Zealand grid, which has security constrained generation and transmission which can influence marginal nodal pricing. To illustrate this influence we use a series of small optimal power flow models as ...

Marginal zone lymphomas of all types (nodal, splenic, and extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT]) may show plasmacytic differentiation. Distinguishing marginal zone lymphomas from other small B-cell lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation, especially lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, or from plasma cell neoplasms may be challenging. Marginal zone lymphomas with plasmacytic differentia...

FOREWORD The bylaws of The National Regulatory Research Instit~te state that among the purposes of the Institute is: • • • to carry out research and related activities directed to the needs of state-regulatory commissioners, to assist the state commissions with developing innovative solutions to state regulatory problems, and to address regulatory issues of national concern. This report-the fif...

The regulator of a natural monopoly that sets a two-part tariff and whose marginal cost is stochastic will generally want the price to vary less than marginal cost when the lump-sum charge in the tariff is fixed. A trade-off exists between efficient pricing and an optimal allocation of risk. Pricing at marginal cost is only optimal when the consumer’s marginal utility is independent of the pric...

The Telecommunications industry is usually characterised by low marginal costs and significant fixed costs which are the conditions for the inefficiency of marginal cost pricing. In such cases theory postulates that optimal pricing is obtained by maximising welfare subject to a restriction of viability of the firm: the second-best pricing scheme. The possible Welfare Losses due to second-best p...

Nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a rare form of indolent small B-cell lymphoma which has only been clearly identified in the last 2 decades and which to date remains incurable. Progress in therapeutic management has been slow, largely due to the very small number of patients treated and the heterogeneity of treatments administered; thus, standard-of-care treatment is currently nonspecific...

We consider the problem of assigning prices to goods of fixed marginal cost in order to maximize revenue in the presence of singleminded customers. We focus in particular on the question of how pricing certain items below their marginal costs can lead to an improvement in overall profit, even when customers behave in a fully rational manner. We develop two frameworks for analyzing this issue th...

Previous research, assuming linear pricing, has argued that telecommunications networks may use a high access charge as an instrument of collusion. I show that this conclusion is difficult to maintain when operators compete in nonlinear pricing: (i) As long as subscription demand is inelastic, profits can remain independent of the access charge, even when customers are heterogeneous and network...