engine performance depends on two main factors of engine speed and ignition time. ignition timing can affect engine life, fuel economy and engine power. in this paper, to study engine performance of peugeot 206 tu3a with comparison ratio of 10.5:1 and displacement of 1361cc in matlab software, a two-zone burned/unburned model with the fuel burning rate described by awiebe function was used for ...

We report on the direct and facile method for noble metal/graphene nano-composites from graphite without reducing agents. In this system, the irradiant white-light instead of the chemical reducing agent exerts the influence on the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles on graphene. Noble metal salts adsorbed on graphene flakes which were functionalized with ionic surfactants were reduced by irr...

An understanding of how noble gas atoms are dissolved in mantle minerals and melts is necessary to infer geological information from the constraints provided by noble gas geochemistry. For this purpose, first-principles molecular simulations are carried out on liquid and crystalline (stishovite) silica systems with dissolved noble gas atoms (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe). The first principles nature ...

Introduction: Trapped noble gases were discovered in chon-drules by laser microprobe noble gas analysis [1-3]. The observed noble gases were explained by solar gas acquisition in dust grains before the chondrule formation [1-3]. These results show importance of trapped noble gases in chondrites to understand environment and formation processes of chondrules. We performed the laser microprobe no...

Although the naturally occurring atmospheric noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe possess great potential as tracers for studying gas exchange in living beings, no direct analytical technique exists for simultaneously determining the absolute concentrations of these noble gases in body fluids in vivo. In this study, using human blood as an example, the absolute concentrations of all stable atmosp...

Introduction:Most of the primordial noble gases in meteorites are trapped in a poorly characterized carbonaceous carrier named " phase Q ". Marrocchi et al. [1] reported that the HF/HCl residue of Orgueil (CI) lost the low temperature fractions of heavy noble gases (36 Ar, 84 Kr and 132 Xe) in phase Q upon pyri-dine treatment. As pyridine is known to induce the swelling of the macromolecular ne...

We use classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate temperature control of unsupported clusters using a noble gas atmosphere. The simulations are performed using a many-body interaction scheme for the intra-cluster potential, while a pairwise Lennard-Jones potential is used to model the interaction between the noble gas and the clusters. In order to isolate different parameters deter...

Noble gases seem to have no significant effect on the anesthetic targets due to their simple, spherical shape. However, xenon has strong narcotic efficacy and can be used clinically, while other noble gases cannot. The mechanism remains unclear. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on phospholipid bilayers with four kinds of noble gases to elucidate the difference of their effects ...

The Boltzmann value of the diffusion coefficient in Gates's latti ce wind-tree model reported in reference [1] is corrected. The new expression is in agreement with low-density simulations. The low-density value of the diffusion coefficient calcula ted in reference [1] for a model of Gates [2J is incorrect . Here we obtain the correct expres sion, which agrees well in the relevant low-den sity ...