One of the main predictions of principal-agent theory, the “informativeness principle”, is often violated in practice. We propose an explanation that emphasizes the role played by the change in the form of the optimal contract that follows an improvement in informativeness. We show that the overall gains from a less noisy performance measure emanate from two sources: the direct effect of a chan...

We study Farrell Nil-groups associated to a finite order automorphism of a ring R. We show that any such Farrell Nil-group is either trivial, or infinitely generated (as an abelian group). Building on this first result, we then show that any finite group that occurs in such a Farrell Nil-group occurs with infinite multiplicity. If the original finite group is a direct summand, then the countabl...

The Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a novel method of fabricating micro/nanometer scale patterns with low cost, high throughput and high resolution (Chou et al., 1996). Unlike traditionally optical lithographic approaches, which create pattern through the use of photons or electrons to modify the chemical and physical properties of the resist, NIL relies on direct mechanical deformation of the...

the counters of e to become nil: message tokense] is decremented by 1, but nil tokense] is incremented by 1. 2 Proof of Lemma 2: Let t be the time just before the token is sent from u, and t 0 the time just before it is received at v. Because the sum of message tokens and nil tokens can increment only when tokens arrive on the link, and because the links are FIFO, we have: message tokense] t 0 ...

up By the induction hypothesis P fulfil the requirements. Let be a node in P’s frontier that such that P( ) = ht;Ri is non-trivial, and let P( ) = ht 0;R 0i be a non-trivial ancestor such that t 0 t. Let t 0 u t = (s; fx1:=s1; : : : ; xn :=sng; ). Since t 0 6$ t, s is not a variable. Also, since t 0 6 lt, then sfx1:= s1; : : : ; xn := sng 6 : = s. Hence the abstract operation is welldefined and...

Increases in rates of individual leaf photosynthesis (P n) are critical for future increases of rice yields. A previous study, using introgression lines derived from a cross between indica cultivar Habataki, with one of the highest recorded values of P n, and the Japanese elite cultivar Koshihikari, identified four QTLs (qCAR4, qCAR5, qCAR8, and qCAR11) that affect P n. The present study examin...

To clarify the effect of deep rooting on grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an irrigated paddy field with or without fertilizer, we used the shallow-rooting IR64 and the deep-rooting Dro1-NIL (a near-isogenic line homozygous for the Kinandang Patong allele of DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) in the IR64 genetic background). Although total root length was similar in both lines, more roots were dist...