Molecular cloning of the polypeptide component of the Rel-related human p75 nucleoprotein complex has revealed its identity with the 65-kDa (p65) subunit of NF-kappa B. Functional analyses of chimeric proteins composed of NF-kappa B p65 C-terminal sequences linked to the DNA-binding domain of the yeast GAL4 polypeptide have indicated that the final 101 amino acids of NF-kappa B p65 comprise a p...

The inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene plays an important role in renal diseases. Transcription is the principal mode of regulation. This study explores the role of acetylation in cytokine-mediated iNOS induction in cultured murine mesangial cells and RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric oxide production was measured by the Griess reaction. The activity of the iNOS promoter and a nuclear factor-kap...

The capacity of the flavan-3-ols [(-)-epicatechin (EC) and (+)-catechin (CT)] and a B dimeric procyanidin (DP-B) to modulate phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced NF-kappaB activation in Jurkat T cells was investigated. The classic PMA-triggered increase in cell oxidants was prevented when cells were preincubated for 24 h with EC, CT, or DP-B (1.7-17.2 microM). PMA induced the phosphory...

The NF-κB signaling cascade relays external signals essential for B-cell growth and survival. This cascade is frequently hijacked by cancers that arise from the malignant transformation of germinal center (GC) B cells, underscoring the importance of deciphering the function of NF-κB in these cells. The NF-κB signaling cascade is comprised of two branches, the canonical and alternative NF-κB pat...

Background—NF B has long been regarded as a proatherogenic factor, mainly because of its regulation of many of the proinflammatory genes linked to atherosclerosis. Metabolism of sphingomyelin (SM) has been suggested to affect NF B activation, but the mechanism is largely unknown. SMS2 regulates SM levels in cell plasma membrane and lipid rafts and has a potential to regulate NF B activation. Me...

We report here that human monocytic/macrophage THP-1 cells express the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R), and that exposure of these cells to the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta increased the expression of the NK-1R gene at the mRNA and protein levels. Because IL-1 beta function involves nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) activation, these data suggest that this increase in the expression of th...

The alveolar macrophage is an important source of interleukin (IL)-8 during pulmonary injury. The IL-8 gene promoter sequence contains nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B, NF-IL6, and activator protein (AP)-1 binding sequences. These sites may have differing regulatory roles in hyperoxia-exposed macrophages than in those stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). U-937 and THP-1 macrophage-like ...

enucleation experiments have demonstrated that the Summary release of active NF-␬B by extracellular stimuli can be accomplished solely within the cytoplasm (Baeuerle and The transcription factor NF-␬B is critical for setting Baltimore, 1988; Devary et al., 1992; Huang et al., 2000b). the cellular sensitivities to apoptotic stimuli, including In contrast, nuclear events are required for activati...

The regulation of gene expression, which allows a living cell to express a defined set of genes according to its environmental conditions and stage of development, occurs primarily at the level of transcription. The precise temporal and spatial control of the transcription factor NFκB has become a paradigm for the complexity of transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes. IκB, the inhibitor and ce...